TY - JOUR
T1 - Upper extremity infection
T2 - imaging features with focus on magnetic resonance imaging
AU - Rodrigues, Tatiane Cantarelli
AU - Taneja, Atul Kumar
AU - Skaf, Abdalla
AU - Godoy, Ivan Rodrigues Barros
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to International Skeletal Society (ISS).
PY - 2023
Y1 - 2023
N2 - Abstract: Upper extremity infections are frequently seen, especially in individuals with weakened immune system, posttraumatic events, and after surgery procedures. If not properly treated, such conditions can lead to serious consequences, such as movement impairment, amputation, and even mortality. These infections have the potential to spread extensively from their initial site of entry, traversing interconnected spaces either intra or extra-compartmental. Understanding the relevant anatomy is crucial to assess location and stage of infection, since surgical intervention and intravenous antibiotics are usually required. In this article, the authors provide a comprehensive review of the imaging findings of upper extremity infection, focusing on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Furthermore, this article sheds light on the pivotal role of radiology in managing hand, elbow, and shoulder infections offering an overview of available treatment options. Key findings: Various types of infections affecting the upper extremity will be discussed, including infectious tenosynovitis, deep space infections, septic arthritis, and osteomyelitis. Authors also highlight anatomical spaces, common pathogens, spread routes, and key radiological features of these conditions.
AB - Abstract: Upper extremity infections are frequently seen, especially in individuals with weakened immune system, posttraumatic events, and after surgery procedures. If not properly treated, such conditions can lead to serious consequences, such as movement impairment, amputation, and even mortality. These infections have the potential to spread extensively from their initial site of entry, traversing interconnected spaces either intra or extra-compartmental. Understanding the relevant anatomy is crucial to assess location and stage of infection, since surgical intervention and intravenous antibiotics are usually required. In this article, the authors provide a comprehensive review of the imaging findings of upper extremity infection, focusing on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Furthermore, this article sheds light on the pivotal role of radiology in managing hand, elbow, and shoulder infections offering an overview of available treatment options. Key findings: Various types of infections affecting the upper extremity will be discussed, including infectious tenosynovitis, deep space infections, septic arthritis, and osteomyelitis. Authors also highlight anatomical spaces, common pathogens, spread routes, and key radiological features of these conditions.
KW - Bacteria
KW - Elbow
KW - Fungus
KW - Hand
KW - Infection
KW - MRI
KW - Shoulder
KW - Wrist
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U2 - 10.1007/s00256-023-04545-8
DO - 10.1007/s00256-023-04545-8
M3 - Review article
C2 - 38097765
AN - SCOPUS:85179732670
SN - 0364-2348
JO - Skeletal radiology
JF - Skeletal radiology
ER -