TY - JOUR
T1 - Ultrastructural patterns of RNA synthesis during early embryogenesis of Drosophila melanogaster
AU - McKnight, Steven L.
AU - Miller, Oscar L.
N1 - Funding Information:
We thank Dr . C . Emerson, Dr . N . Sullivan, Ms . L. Newman, and Ms . J . Russell for helpful comments during the preparation of the manuscript; Dr. D. Bodenstein for assistance in the preparation of the light micrographs ; Dr . T . Wright for providing wild-type (Ore-R) D . melanogaster stocks ; Ms. L . Blanks for technical assistance ; and Dr. V. Foe for communicating unpublished observations. This work and S . M . were supported by grants from the NSF and the NIH to 0 . M .
PY - 1976/6
Y1 - 1976/6
N2 - Chromatin was obtained from Drosophila melanogaster during early embryogenesis and examined by transmission electron microscopy. Nuclear contents spread at progressive stages of syncytial development show a low level of only non-nucleolar template activity, and very few RNP fibril gradients extending over 2 μm in length are observed. At the cellular blastoderm stage, newly activated nucleolar genes appear during the early portion of the first true cell cycle. Variation in the lengths of incomplete rRNP gradients indicates that the activation of each rRNA gene is independently controlled. All rRNA loci, whether having complete or incomplete gradients, exhibit high densities of nascent transcripts per unit length, suggesting that the rate of chromatin transcription, rather than the RNA polymerase I pool size, limits rRNA synthesis on individual genes. No more than half the rRNA genes are derepressed at this stage, indicating that total rRNA synthesis is regulated by the number of genes activated. Non-nucleolar RNP fibril gradients covering up to 8 μm of genome are also first observed at the cellular blastoderm stage. Most of these gradients are differentiated from the short gradients first seen during syncytial growth by a lower density of transcribing RNA polymerases.
AB - Chromatin was obtained from Drosophila melanogaster during early embryogenesis and examined by transmission electron microscopy. Nuclear contents spread at progressive stages of syncytial development show a low level of only non-nucleolar template activity, and very few RNP fibril gradients extending over 2 μm in length are observed. At the cellular blastoderm stage, newly activated nucleolar genes appear during the early portion of the first true cell cycle. Variation in the lengths of incomplete rRNP gradients indicates that the activation of each rRNA gene is independently controlled. All rRNA loci, whether having complete or incomplete gradients, exhibit high densities of nascent transcripts per unit length, suggesting that the rate of chromatin transcription, rather than the RNA polymerase I pool size, limits rRNA synthesis on individual genes. No more than half the rRNA genes are derepressed at this stage, indicating that total rRNA synthesis is regulated by the number of genes activated. Non-nucleolar RNP fibril gradients covering up to 8 μm of genome are also first observed at the cellular blastoderm stage. Most of these gradients are differentiated from the short gradients first seen during syncytial growth by a lower density of transcribing RNA polymerases.
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U2 - 10.1016/0092-8674(76)90014-3
DO - 10.1016/0092-8674(76)90014-3
M3 - Article
C2 - 822943
AN - SCOPUS:0017154513
SN - 0092-8674
VL - 8
SP - 305
EP - 319
JO - Cell
JF - Cell
IS - 2
ER -