Ultrasonic energy as a tool to overcome some drawbacks in the determination of lead in brain tissue and urine of rats

D. Guimarães; J. P. Santos; M. L. Carvalho; G. Vale; H. M. Santos; V. Geraldes; I. Rocha; J. L. Capelo

doi:10.1016/j.talanta.2011.09.001

Ultrasonic energy as a tool to overcome some drawbacks in the determination of lead in brain tissue and urine of rats

D. Guimarães, J. P. Santos, M. L. Carvalho, G. Vale, H. M. Santos, V. Geraldes, I. Rocha, J. L. Capelo

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

6 Scopus citations

Abstract

An ultrasonic assisted solid-liquid extraction method was developed to determine the level of lead in the brain and urine of rats. Lead was determined by electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry with longitudinal-Zeeman background correction. Several analytical drawbacks were addressed and overcome, namely small brain sample mass and the formation of precipitate in the urine samples. Utrasonication provided by an ultrasonic probe succeeded in extracting lead from brain samples. Furthermore, it was demonstrated that the formation of a precipitate lowered the lead content in the liquid phase of the urine. Lead was back extracted from the precipitate to the liquid phase with the aid of ultrasonic energy and acidifying the urine with 10% v/v nitric acid. A microwave-assisted acid digestion protocol was used to check the completeness of the lead extraction. The within bath and between bath precision was 5% (n = 9) and 7% (n = 3) respectively. The limit of quantification was 1.05 μg g ^-1 for brain samples and 2.1 μg L^-1 for urine samples. A total of 6 samples of urine and 12 samples of brain from control rats and another 6 samples of urine and 12 samples of brain from rats fed with tap water rich in lead acetate were used in this research. Lead levels in brain and urine from exposed rats ranged from1.9 ± 0.2 μg g^-1 to 3.5 ± 0.2 μg g^-1 and from 752 ± 56 μg L^-1 to 60.9 ± 1.2 mg L^-1 respectively. Statistically significant differences of levels of lead in brain and urine were found between exposed and non exposed rats.

Original language	English (US)
Pages (from-to)	442-446
Number of pages	5
Journal	Talanta
Volume	86
Issue number	1
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.talanta.2011.09.001
State	Published - Oct 30 2011

Keywords

Brain
Electrothermal atomization
Lead
Pb
Rats
Ultrasonic
Urine

ASJC Scopus subject areas

Analytical Chemistry

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10.1016/j.talanta.2011.09.001

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@article{e65ab1abfcbe421b96c47e1c1c693515,

title = "Ultrasonic energy as a tool to overcome some drawbacks in the determination of lead in brain tissue and urine of rats",

abstract = "An ultrasonic assisted solid-liquid extraction method was developed to determine the level of lead in the brain and urine of rats. Lead was determined by electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry with longitudinal-Zeeman background correction. Several analytical drawbacks were addressed and overcome, namely small brain sample mass and the formation of precipitate in the urine samples. Utrasonication provided by an ultrasonic probe succeeded in extracting lead from brain samples. Furthermore, it was demonstrated that the formation of a precipitate lowered the lead content in the liquid phase of the urine. Lead was back extracted from the precipitate to the liquid phase with the aid of ultrasonic energy and acidifying the urine with 10% v/v nitric acid. A microwave-assisted acid digestion protocol was used to check the completeness of the lead extraction. The within bath and between bath precision was 5% (n = 9) and 7% (n = 3) respectively. The limit of quantification was 1.05 μg g -1 for brain samples and 2.1 μg L-1 for urine samples. A total of 6 samples of urine and 12 samples of brain from control rats and another 6 samples of urine and 12 samples of brain from rats fed with tap water rich in lead acetate were used in this research. Lead levels in brain and urine from exposed rats ranged from1.9 ± 0.2 μg g-1 to 3.5 ± 0.2 μg g-1 and from 752 ± 56 μg L-1 to 60.9 ± 1.2 mg L-1 respectively. Statistically significant differences of levels of lead in brain and urine were found between exposed and non exposed rats.",

keywords = "Brain, Electrothermal atomization, Lead, Pb, Rats, Ultrasonic, Urine",

author = "D. Guimar{\~a}es and Santos, {J. P.} and Carvalho, {M. L.} and G. Vale and Santos, {H. M.} and V. Geraldes and I. Rocha and Capelo, {J. L.}",

note = "Funding Information: J.L. Capelo-Mart{\'i}nez acknowledges the support of the Xunta de Galicia (Spain) for their Parga-Pondal Research contract. D. Guimar{\~a}es acknowledges support of the Funda{\c c}{\~a}o para a Ci{\^e}ncia e Tecnologia (FCT) for the Grant ( SFRH/BD/38788/2007 ). J.P. Santos, D. Guimar{\~a}es and M.L. Carvalho acknowledge the support by FCT- Funda{\c c}{\~a}o para a Ci{\^e}ncia e a Tecnologia (Portugal) under the Project No. PEstOE/FIS/UI0303/2011, financed by the European Community Fund FEDER through the COMPETE – Competitiveness Factors Operational Programme. The authors acknowledge support of REQUIMTE, and Carla Rodrigues and Nuno Costa for the technical support. H. M. Santos and G. Vale acknowledge the post-doctoral fellows given by the Funda{\c c}{\~a}o para a Ci{\^e}ncia e Tecnologia (FCT) with numbers SFRH/BPD/73997/2010 and SFRH/BPD/73117/2010 respectively.",

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T1 - Ultrasonic energy as a tool to overcome some drawbacks in the determination of lead in brain tissue and urine of rats

AU - Guimarães, D.

AU - Santos, J. P.

AU - Carvalho, M. L.

AU - Vale, G.

AU - Santos, H. M.

AU - Geraldes, V.

AU - Rocha, I.

AU - Capelo, J. L.

N1 - Funding Information: J.L. Capelo-Martínez acknowledges the support of the Xunta de Galicia (Spain) for their Parga-Pondal Research contract. D. Guimarães acknowledges support of the Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia (FCT) for the Grant ( SFRH/BD/38788/2007 ). J.P. Santos, D. Guimarães and M.L. Carvalho acknowledge the support by FCT- Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (Portugal) under the Project No. PEstOE/FIS/UI0303/2011, financed by the European Community Fund FEDER through the COMPETE – Competitiveness Factors Operational Programme. The authors acknowledge support of REQUIMTE, and Carla Rodrigues and Nuno Costa for the technical support. H. M. Santos and G. Vale acknowledge the post-doctoral fellows given by the Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia (FCT) with numbers SFRH/BPD/73997/2010 and SFRH/BPD/73117/2010 respectively.

PY - 2011/10/30

Y1 - 2011/10/30

N2 - An ultrasonic assisted solid-liquid extraction method was developed to determine the level of lead in the brain and urine of rats. Lead was determined by electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry with longitudinal-Zeeman background correction. Several analytical drawbacks were addressed and overcome, namely small brain sample mass and the formation of precipitate in the urine samples. Utrasonication provided by an ultrasonic probe succeeded in extracting lead from brain samples. Furthermore, it was demonstrated that the formation of a precipitate lowered the lead content in the liquid phase of the urine. Lead was back extracted from the precipitate to the liquid phase with the aid of ultrasonic energy and acidifying the urine with 10% v/v nitric acid. A microwave-assisted acid digestion protocol was used to check the completeness of the lead extraction. The within bath and between bath precision was 5% (n = 9) and 7% (n = 3) respectively. The limit of quantification was 1.05 μg g -1 for brain samples and 2.1 μg L-1 for urine samples. A total of 6 samples of urine and 12 samples of brain from control rats and another 6 samples of urine and 12 samples of brain from rats fed with tap water rich in lead acetate were used in this research. Lead levels in brain and urine from exposed rats ranged from1.9 ± 0.2 μg g-1 to 3.5 ± 0.2 μg g-1 and from 752 ± 56 μg L-1 to 60.9 ± 1.2 mg L-1 respectively. Statistically significant differences of levels of lead in brain and urine were found between exposed and non exposed rats.

AB - An ultrasonic assisted solid-liquid extraction method was developed to determine the level of lead in the brain and urine of rats. Lead was determined by electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry with longitudinal-Zeeman background correction. Several analytical drawbacks were addressed and overcome, namely small brain sample mass and the formation of precipitate in the urine samples. Utrasonication provided by an ultrasonic probe succeeded in extracting lead from brain samples. Furthermore, it was demonstrated that the formation of a precipitate lowered the lead content in the liquid phase of the urine. Lead was back extracted from the precipitate to the liquid phase with the aid of ultrasonic energy and acidifying the urine with 10% v/v nitric acid. A microwave-assisted acid digestion protocol was used to check the completeness of the lead extraction. The within bath and between bath precision was 5% (n = 9) and 7% (n = 3) respectively. The limit of quantification was 1.05 μg g -1 for brain samples and 2.1 μg L-1 for urine samples. A total of 6 samples of urine and 12 samples of brain from control rats and another 6 samples of urine and 12 samples of brain from rats fed with tap water rich in lead acetate were used in this research. Lead levels in brain and urine from exposed rats ranged from1.9 ± 0.2 μg g-1 to 3.5 ± 0.2 μg g-1 and from 752 ± 56 μg L-1 to 60.9 ± 1.2 mg L-1 respectively. Statistically significant differences of levels of lead in brain and urine were found between exposed and non exposed rats.

KW - Brain

KW - Electrothermal atomization

KW - Lead

KW - Pb

KW - Rats

KW - Ultrasonic

KW - Urine

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JO - Talanta

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ER -

Ultrasonic energy as a tool to overcome some drawbacks in the determination of lead in brain tissue and urine of rats

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Keywords

ASJC Scopus subject areas

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