@article{8d1caf132f7b42519a35dfb45ac3b3c5,
title = "Type VI secretion system MIX-effectors carry both antibacterial and anti-eukaryotic activities",
abstract = "Most type VI secretion systems (T6SSs) described to date are protein delivery apparatuses that mediate bactericidal activities. Several T6SSs were also reported to mediate virulence activities, although only few anti-eukaryotic effectors have been described. Here, we identify three T6SSs in the marine bacterium Vibrio proteolyticus and show that T6SS1 mediates bactericidal activities under warm marine-like conditions. Using comparative proteomics, we find nine potential T6SS1 effectors, five of which belong to the polymorphic MIX-effector class. Remarkably, in addition to six predicted bactericidal effectors, the T6SS1 secretome includes three putative anti-eukaryotic effectors. One of these is a MIX-effector containing a cytotoxic necrotizing factor 1 domain. We demonstrate that T6SS1 can use this MIX-effector to target phagocytic cells, resulting in morphological changes and actin cytoskeleton rearrangements. In conclusion, the V. proteolyticus T6SS1, a system homologous to one found in pathogenic vibrios, uses a suite of polymorphic effectors that target both bacteria and eukaryotic neighbors.",
keywords = "CNF1, Vibrio, bacterial competition, virulence",
author = "Ann Ray and Nika Schwartz and {de Souza Santos}, Marcela and Junmei Zhang and Kim Orth and Dor Salomon",
note = "Funding Information: We thank the University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center Proteomics core for assistance with MS analysis. This project has received funding from the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation program (Grant Agreement No. 714224) (D.S.), and by the NIH grant R01-AI087808, the Welch Foundation grant I-1561, and Once Upon a Time… (K.O.); K.O. is a Burroughs Welcome Investigator in Pathogenesis of Infectious Disease, a Beckman Young Investigator, and a W. W. Caruth, Jr., Biomedical Scholar, and has an Earl A. Forsythe Chair in Biomedical Science. D.S. is an Alon Fellow. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. Funding Information: We thank the University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center Proteomics core for assistance with MS analysis. This project has received funding from the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union{\textquoteright}s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program (Grant Agreement No. 714224) (D.S.), and by the NIH grant R01-AI087808, the Welch Foundation grant I-1561, and Once Upon a Time... (K.O.); K.O. is a Burroughs Welcome Investigator in Pathogenesis of Infectious Disease, a Beckman Young Investigator, and a W. W. Caruth, Jr., Biomedical Scholar, and has an Earl A. Forsythe Chair in Biomedical Science. D.S. is an Alon Fellow. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2017 The Authors. Published under the terms of the CC BY 4.0 license.",
year = "2017",
month = nov,
doi = "10.15252/embr.201744226",
language = "English (US)",
volume = "18",
pages = "1978--1990",
journal = "EMBO Reports",
issn = "1469-221X",
publisher = "Nature Publishing Group",
number = "11",
}