TY - JOUR
T1 - Transcranial magnetic stimulation
T2 - A neuroscientific probe of cortical function in schizophrenia
AU - McClintock, Shawn M.
AU - Freitas, Catarina
AU - Oberman, Lindsay
AU - Lisanby, Sarah H.
AU - Pascual-Leone, Alvaro
N1 - Funding Information:
APL serves on the scientific advisory board of Starlab, Neuronix, Nexstim, and Neosync. SHL has received research funding from the NIH, NARSAD, Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency, Stanley Medical Research Foundation, American Federation for Aging Research/Beeson Scholars Program, Neuronetics, Cyberonics, Advanced Neuromodulation Systems, and Brainsway. She has received equipment support from Magstim and Magventures. She formerly chaired a Data Safety and Monitoring Board for a study sponsored by North Star Neuroscience. All other authors disclose having no biomedical financial interests or potential conflicts of interest.
Funding Information:
Work on this review was supported by grants from the National Center for Research Resources , Harvard-Thorndike General Clinical Research Center at Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center ( National Center for Research Resources [NCRR] Grant No. MO1 RR01032 ) and Harvard Clinical and Translational Science Center (Grant No. UL1 RR025758 ), National Institute of Health (NIH) Grant Nos. K24 RR018875 and K23 MH087739 , and a grant from the Nancy Lurie Marks Family Foundation to APL. SM has received research support from the NIH, NCRR, and the National Alliance for Research on Schizophrenia and Depression (NARSAD). CF was supported by a postdoctoral grant from the Foundation for Science and Technology , Portugal (Grant No. SFRH/BPD/66846/2009 ), cofunded by the European Social Fund. LO was supported by NIH Fellowship No. F32MH080493 and 1KL2RR025757-01.
PY - 2011/7/1
Y1 - 2011/7/1
N2 - Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is a neuropsychiatric tool that can serve as a useful method to better understand the neurobiology of cognitive function, behavior, and emotional processing. The purpose of this article is to examine the utility of TMS as a means to measure neocortical function in neuropsychiatric disorders in general, and schizophrenia in particular, for the Cognitive Neuroscience Treatment Research to Improve Cognition in Schizophrenia initiative. When incorporating TMS paradigms in research studies, methodologic considerations include technical aspects of TMS, cohort selection and confounding factors, and subject safety. Available evidence suggests benefits of TMS alone or in combination with neurophysiologic and neuroimaging methods, including positron emission tomography, single photon emission computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, functional magnetic resonance imaging, functional near infrared spectroscopy, magnetoencephalography, and electroencephalography, to explore neocortical function. With the multiple TMS techniques including single-pulse, paired-pulse, paired associative stimulation, and repetitive TMS and theta burst stimulation, combined with neurophysiologic and neuroimaging methods, there exists a plethora of TMS experimental paradigms to modulate neocortical physiologic processes. Specifically, TMS can measure cortical excitability, intracortical inhibitory and excitatory mechanisms, and local and network cortical plasticity. Coupled with functional and electrophysiologic modalities, TMS can provide insight into the mechanisms underlying healthy neurodevelopment and aging, as well as neuropsychiatric pathology. Thus, TMS could be a useful tool in the Cognitive Neuroscience Treatment Research to Improve Cognition in Schizophrenia armamentarium of biomarker methods. Future investigations are warranted to optimize TMS methodologies for this purpose.
AB - Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is a neuropsychiatric tool that can serve as a useful method to better understand the neurobiology of cognitive function, behavior, and emotional processing. The purpose of this article is to examine the utility of TMS as a means to measure neocortical function in neuropsychiatric disorders in general, and schizophrenia in particular, for the Cognitive Neuroscience Treatment Research to Improve Cognition in Schizophrenia initiative. When incorporating TMS paradigms in research studies, methodologic considerations include technical aspects of TMS, cohort selection and confounding factors, and subject safety. Available evidence suggests benefits of TMS alone or in combination with neurophysiologic and neuroimaging methods, including positron emission tomography, single photon emission computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, functional magnetic resonance imaging, functional near infrared spectroscopy, magnetoencephalography, and electroencephalography, to explore neocortical function. With the multiple TMS techniques including single-pulse, paired-pulse, paired associative stimulation, and repetitive TMS and theta burst stimulation, combined with neurophysiologic and neuroimaging methods, there exists a plethora of TMS experimental paradigms to modulate neocortical physiologic processes. Specifically, TMS can measure cortical excitability, intracortical inhibitory and excitatory mechanisms, and local and network cortical plasticity. Coupled with functional and electrophysiologic modalities, TMS can provide insight into the mechanisms underlying healthy neurodevelopment and aging, as well as neuropsychiatric pathology. Thus, TMS could be a useful tool in the Cognitive Neuroscience Treatment Research to Improve Cognition in Schizophrenia armamentarium of biomarker methods. Future investigations are warranted to optimize TMS methodologies for this purpose.
KW - Biological marker
KW - Cognitive Neuroscience Treatment Research to Improve Cognition in Schizophrenia (CNTRICS)
KW - TMS
KW - cortical function
KW - schizophrenia
KW - transcranial magnetic stimulation
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=79958857265&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=79958857265&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.biopsych.2011.02.031
DO - 10.1016/j.biopsych.2011.02.031
M3 - Review article
C2 - 21571254
AN - SCOPUS:79958857265
SN - 0006-3223
VL - 70
SP - 19
EP - 27
JO - Biological Psychiatry
JF - Biological Psychiatry
IS - 1
ER -