TY - JOUR
T1 - Three-dimensional spiral CT during arterial portography
T2 - comparison of three rendering techniques.
AU - Heath, D. G.
AU - Soyer, P. A.
AU - Kuszyk, B. S.
AU - Bliss, D. F.
AU - Calhoun, P. S.
AU - Bluemke, D. A.
AU - Choti, M. A.
AU - Fishman, E. K.
PY - 1995/7
Y1 - 1995/7
N2 - The three most common techniques for three-dimensional reconstruction are surface rendering, maximum-intensity projection (MIP), and volume rendering. Surface-rendering algorithms model objects as collections of geometric primitives that are displayed with surface shading. The MIP algorithm renders an image by selecting the voxel with the maximum intensity signal along a line extended from the viewer's eye through the data volume. Volume-rendering algorithms sum the weighted contributions of all voxels along the line. Each technique has advantages and shortcomings that must be considered during selection of one for a specific clinical problem and during interpretation of the resulting images. With surface rendering, sharp-edged, clear three-dimensional reconstruction can be completed on modest computer systems; however, overlapping structures cannot be visualized and artifacts are a problem. MIP is computationally a fast technique, but it does not allow depiction of overlapping structures, and its images are three-dimensionally ambiguous unless depth cues are provided. Both surface rendering and MIP use less than 10% of the image data. In contrast, volume rendering uses nearly all of the data, allows demonstration of overlapping structures, and engenders few artifacts, but it requires substantially more computer power than the other techniques.
AB - The three most common techniques for three-dimensional reconstruction are surface rendering, maximum-intensity projection (MIP), and volume rendering. Surface-rendering algorithms model objects as collections of geometric primitives that are displayed with surface shading. The MIP algorithm renders an image by selecting the voxel with the maximum intensity signal along a line extended from the viewer's eye through the data volume. Volume-rendering algorithms sum the weighted contributions of all voxels along the line. Each technique has advantages and shortcomings that must be considered during selection of one for a specific clinical problem and during interpretation of the resulting images. With surface rendering, sharp-edged, clear three-dimensional reconstruction can be completed on modest computer systems; however, overlapping structures cannot be visualized and artifacts are a problem. MIP is computationally a fast technique, but it does not allow depiction of overlapping structures, and its images are three-dimensionally ambiguous unless depth cues are provided. Both surface rendering and MIP use less than 10% of the image data. In contrast, volume rendering uses nearly all of the data, allows demonstration of overlapping structures, and engenders few artifacts, but it requires substantially more computer power than the other techniques.
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U2 - 10.1148/radiographics.15.4.7569120
DO - 10.1148/radiographics.15.4.7569120
M3 - Article
C2 - 7569120
AN - SCOPUS:0029334523
SN - 0271-5333
VL - 15
SP - 1001
EP - 1011
JO - Radiographics : a review publication of the Radiological Society of North America, Inc
JF - Radiographics : a review publication of the Radiological Society of North America, Inc
IS - 4
ER -