TY - JOUR
T1 - The Role of the NRF2 Pathway in the Pathogenesis of Viral Respiratory Infections
AU - Daskou, Maria
AU - Fotooh Abadi, Leila
AU - Gain, Chandrima
AU - Wong, Michael
AU - Sharma, Eashan
AU - Kombe Kombe, Arnaud John
AU - Nanduri, Ravikanth
AU - Kelesidis, Theodoros
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2023 by the authors.
PY - 2024/1
Y1 - 2024/1
N2 - In humans, acute and chronic respiratory infections caused by viruses are associated with considerable morbidity and mortality. Respiratory viruses infect airway epithelial cells and induce oxidative stress, yet the exact pathogenesis remains unclear. Oxidative stress activates the transcription factor NRF2, which plays a key role in alleviating redox-induced cellular injury. The transcriptional activation of NRF2 has been reported to affect both viral replication and associated inflammation pathways. There is complex bidirectional crosstalk between virus replication and the NRF2 pathway because virus replication directly or indirectly regulates NRF2 expression, and NRF2 activation can reversely hamper viral replication and viral spread across cells and tissues. In this review, we discuss the complex role of the NRF2 pathway in the regulation of the pathogenesis of the main respiratory viruses, including coronaviruses, influenza viruses, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), and rhinoviruses. We also summarize the scientific evidence regarding the effects of the known NRF2 agonists that can be utilized to alter the NRF2 pathway.
AB - In humans, acute and chronic respiratory infections caused by viruses are associated with considerable morbidity and mortality. Respiratory viruses infect airway epithelial cells and induce oxidative stress, yet the exact pathogenesis remains unclear. Oxidative stress activates the transcription factor NRF2, which plays a key role in alleviating redox-induced cellular injury. The transcriptional activation of NRF2 has been reported to affect both viral replication and associated inflammation pathways. There is complex bidirectional crosstalk between virus replication and the NRF2 pathway because virus replication directly or indirectly regulates NRF2 expression, and NRF2 activation can reversely hamper viral replication and viral spread across cells and tissues. In this review, we discuss the complex role of the NRF2 pathway in the regulation of the pathogenesis of the main respiratory viruses, including coronaviruses, influenza viruses, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), and rhinoviruses. We also summarize the scientific evidence regarding the effects of the known NRF2 agonists that can be utilized to alter the NRF2 pathway.
KW - NRF2 pathway
KW - inflammation
KW - respiratory viruses
KW - viral replication
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85183382282&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=85183382282&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.3390/pathogens13010039
DO - 10.3390/pathogens13010039
M3 - Review article
C2 - 38251346
AN - SCOPUS:85183382282
SN - 2076-0817
VL - 13
JO - Pathogens
JF - Pathogens
IS - 1
M1 - 39
ER -