TY - JOUR
T1 - T cell subsets and their signature cytokines in autoimmune and inflammatory diseases
AU - Raphael, Itay
AU - Nalawade, Saisha
AU - Eagar, Todd N.
AU - Forsthuber, Thomas G.
N1 - Funding Information:
This work was supported by Grants NS081237 (T.N.E.), NS52177 and G12MD007591 (T.G.F.) from the National Institute of Health , and Grants RG3499 and RG3701 from the National Multiple Sclerosis Society (T.G.F.) and a fellowship from the South Texas Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases at the University of Texas at San Antonio (I.R.).
Publisher Copyright:
© 2014 Elsevier Ltd.
PY - 2015/7/1
Y1 - 2015/7/1
N2 - CD4+ T helper (Th) cells are critical for proper immune cell homeostasis and host defense, but are also major contributors to pathology of autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. Since the discovery of the Th1/Th2 dichotomy, many additional Th subsets were discovered, each with a unique cytokine profile, functional properties, and presumed role in autoimmune tissue pathology. This includes Th1, Th2, Th17, Th22, Th9, and Treg cells which are characterized by specific cytokine profiles. Cytokines produced by these Th subsets play a critical role in immune cell differentiation, effector subset commitment, and in directing the effector response. Cytokines are often categorized into proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines and linked to Th subsets expressing them. This article reviews the different Th subsets in terms of cytokine profiles, how these cytokines influence and shape the immune response, and their relative roles in promoting pathology in autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. Furthermore, we will discuss whether Th cell pathogenicity can be defined solely based on their cytokine profiles and whether rigid definition of a Th cell subset by its cytokine profile is helpful.
AB - CD4+ T helper (Th) cells are critical for proper immune cell homeostasis and host defense, but are also major contributors to pathology of autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. Since the discovery of the Th1/Th2 dichotomy, many additional Th subsets were discovered, each with a unique cytokine profile, functional properties, and presumed role in autoimmune tissue pathology. This includes Th1, Th2, Th17, Th22, Th9, and Treg cells which are characterized by specific cytokine profiles. Cytokines produced by these Th subsets play a critical role in immune cell differentiation, effector subset commitment, and in directing the effector response. Cytokines are often categorized into proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines and linked to Th subsets expressing them. This article reviews the different Th subsets in terms of cytokine profiles, how these cytokines influence and shape the immune response, and their relative roles in promoting pathology in autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. Furthermore, we will discuss whether Th cell pathogenicity can be defined solely based on their cytokine profiles and whether rigid definition of a Th cell subset by its cytokine profile is helpful.
KW - Autoimmune disease
KW - Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis
KW - Multiple sclerosis
KW - Signature cytokine
KW - T cell subset
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U2 - 10.1016/j.cyto.2014.09.011
DO - 10.1016/j.cyto.2014.09.011
M3 - Review article
C2 - 25458968
AN - SCOPUS:84930178921
SN - 1043-4666
VL - 74
SP - 5
EP - 17
JO - Cytokine
JF - Cytokine
IS - 1
ER -