Single-Center Comparison of Overall Survival and Toxicities in Patients with Infiltrative Hepatocellular Carcinoma Treated with Yttrium-90 Radioembolization or Drug-Eluting Embolic Transarterial Chemoembolization

Purpose To compare overall survival and toxicities after yttrium-90 (⁹⁰Y) radioembolization and chemoembolization with drug-eluting embolics (DEE) in patients with infiltrative hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Materials and Methods Retrospective review of 50 patients with infiltrative HCC without main portal vein invasion who were treated with ⁹⁰Y radioembolization (n = 26) or DEE chemoembolization (n = 24) between March 2007 and August 2012 was completed. Infiltrative tumors were defined by cross-sectional imaging as masses that lacked well-demarcated boundaries, and treatment allocations were made by a multidisciplinary tumor board. Median age was 63 years; median tumor diameter was 9.0 cm; and there were no significant differences between groups in performance status, severity of liver disease, or HCC stage. Toxicities were graded by Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events v4.03. Overall survival from treatment was assessed by Kaplan-Meier analysis, with analysis of potential predictors of survival with log-rank test. Results There was no difference in the average number of procedures performed in each treatment group (DEE, 1.5 ± 1.1; ⁹⁰Y, 1.6 ± 0.5; P =.97), and technical success was achieved in all cases. Abdominal pain (73% vs 33%; P =.004) and fever (38% vs 8%; P =.01) were more frequent after DEE chemoembolization. There was no significant difference in median overall survival between treatment groups after treatment (DEE, 9.9 months; ⁹⁰Y, 8.1 months; P =.11). Conclusions ⁹⁰Y radioembolization and DEE chemoembolization provided similar overall survival in the treatment of infiltrative HCC without main portal vein invasion. Abdominal pain and fever were more frequent after DEE chemoembolization.