TY - JOUR
T1 - Short-term mild hyperventilation on intracranial pressure, cerebral autoregulation, and oxygenation in acute brain injury patients
T2 - a prospective observational study
AU - Cardim, Danilo
AU - Giardina, Alberto
AU - Ciliberti, Pietro
AU - Battaglini, Denise
AU - Berardino, Andrea
AU - Uccelli, Antonio
AU - Czosnyka, Marek
AU - Roccatagliata, Luca
AU - Matta, Basil
AU - Patroniti, Nicolo
AU - Rocco, Patricia R.M.
AU - Robba, Chiara
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2024, The Author(s).
PY - 2024
Y1 - 2024
N2 - Current guidelines suggest a target of partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PaCO2) of 32–35 mmHg (mild hypocapnia) as tier 2 for the management of intracranial hypertension. However, the effects of mild hyperventilation on cerebrovascular dynamics are not completely elucidated. The aim of this study is to evaluate the changes of intracranial pressure (ICP), cerebral autoregulation (measured through pressure reactivity index, PRx), and regional cerebral oxygenation (rSO2) parameters before and after induction of mild hyperventilation. Single center, observational study including patients with acute brain injury (ABI) admitted to the intensive care unit undergoing multimodal neuromonitoring and requiring titration of PaCO2 values to mild hypocapnia as tier 2 for the management of intracranial hypertension. Twenty-five patients were included in this study (40% female), median age 64.7 years (Interquartile Range, IQR = 45.9–73.2). Median Glasgow Coma Scale was 6 (IQR = 3–11). After mild hyperventilation, PaCO2 values decreased (from 42 (39–44) to 34 (32–34) mmHg, p < 0.0001), ICP and PRx significantly decreased (from 25.4 (24.1–26.4) to 17.5 (16–21.2) mmHg, p < 0.0001, and from 0.32 (0.1–0.52) to 0.12 (-0.03–0.23), p < 0.0001). rSO2 was statistically but not clinically significantly reduced (from 60% (56–64) to 59% (54–61), p < 0.0001), but the arterial component of rSO2 (ΔO2Hbi, changes in concentration of oxygenated hemoglobin of the total rSO2) decreased from 3.83 (3–6.2) μM.cm to 1.6 (0.5–3.1) μM.cm, p = 0.0001. Mild hyperventilation can reduce ICP and improve cerebral autoregulation, with minimal clinical effects on cerebral oxygenation. However, the arterial component of rSO2 was importantly reduced. Multimodal neuromonitoring is essential when titrating PaCO2 values for ICP management.
AB - Current guidelines suggest a target of partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PaCO2) of 32–35 mmHg (mild hypocapnia) as tier 2 for the management of intracranial hypertension. However, the effects of mild hyperventilation on cerebrovascular dynamics are not completely elucidated. The aim of this study is to evaluate the changes of intracranial pressure (ICP), cerebral autoregulation (measured through pressure reactivity index, PRx), and regional cerebral oxygenation (rSO2) parameters before and after induction of mild hyperventilation. Single center, observational study including patients with acute brain injury (ABI) admitted to the intensive care unit undergoing multimodal neuromonitoring and requiring titration of PaCO2 values to mild hypocapnia as tier 2 for the management of intracranial hypertension. Twenty-five patients were included in this study (40% female), median age 64.7 years (Interquartile Range, IQR = 45.9–73.2). Median Glasgow Coma Scale was 6 (IQR = 3–11). After mild hyperventilation, PaCO2 values decreased (from 42 (39–44) to 34 (32–34) mmHg, p < 0.0001), ICP and PRx significantly decreased (from 25.4 (24.1–26.4) to 17.5 (16–21.2) mmHg, p < 0.0001, and from 0.32 (0.1–0.52) to 0.12 (-0.03–0.23), p < 0.0001). rSO2 was statistically but not clinically significantly reduced (from 60% (56–64) to 59% (54–61), p < 0.0001), but the arterial component of rSO2 (ΔO2Hbi, changes in concentration of oxygenated hemoglobin of the total rSO2) decreased from 3.83 (3–6.2) μM.cm to 1.6 (0.5–3.1) μM.cm, p = 0.0001. Mild hyperventilation can reduce ICP and improve cerebral autoregulation, with minimal clinical effects on cerebral oxygenation. However, the arterial component of rSO2 was importantly reduced. Multimodal neuromonitoring is essential when titrating PaCO2 values for ICP management.
KW - Brain injury
KW - Carbon dioxide
KW - Cerebral ischemia
KW - Hyperventilation
KW - Intensive care
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U2 - 10.1007/s10877-023-01121-2
DO - 10.1007/s10877-023-01121-2
M3 - Article
C2 - 38310592
AN - SCOPUS:85184225383
SN - 1387-1307
JO - Journal of Clinical Monitoring and Computing
JF - Journal of Clinical Monitoring and Computing
ER -