TY - JOUR
T1 - Severe Fatigue and Persistent Symptoms at 3 Months Following Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Infections during the Pre-Delta, Delta, and Omicron Time Periods
T2 - A Multicenter Prospective Cohort Study
AU - Gottlieb, Michael
AU - Wang, Ralph C.
AU - Yu, Huihui
AU - Spatz, Erica S.
AU - Montoy, Juan Carlos C.
AU - Rodriguez, Robert M.
AU - Chang, Anna Marie
AU - Elmore, Joann G.
AU - Hannikainen, Paavali A.
AU - Hill, Mandy
AU - Huebinger, Ryan M.
AU - Idris, Ahamed H.
AU - Lin, Zhenqiu
AU - Koo, Katherine
AU - McDonald, Samuel
AU - O'Laughlin, Kelli N.
AU - Plumb, Ian D.
AU - Santangelo, Michelle
AU - Saydah, Sharon
AU - Willis, Michael
AU - Wisk, Lauren E.
AU - Venkatesh, Arjun
AU - Stephens, Kari A.
AU - Weinstein, Robert A.
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2023 The Author(s). Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Infectious Diseases Society of America.
PY - 2023/6/1
Y1 - 2023/6/1
N2 - Background: Most research on severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variants focuses on initial symptomatology with limited longer-Term data. We characterized prevalences of prolonged symptoms 3 months post-SARS-CoV-2 infection across 3 variant time-periods (pre-Delta, Delta, and Omicron). Methods: This multicenter prospective cohort study of adults with acute illness tested for SARS-CoV-2 compared fatigue severity, fatigue symptoms, organ system-based symptoms, and ≥3 symptoms across variants among participants with a positive ("COVID-positive") or negative SARS-CoV-2 test ("COVID-negative") at 3 months after SARS-CoV-2 testing. Variant periods were defined by dates with ≥50% dominant strain. We performed multivariable logistic regression modeling to estimate independent effects of variants adjusting for sociodemographics, baseline health, and vaccine status. Results: The study included 2402 COVID-positive and 821 COVID-negative participants. Among COVID-positives, 463 (19.3%) were pre-Delta, 1198 (49.9%) Delta, and 741 (30.8%) Omicron. The pre-Delta COVID-positive cohort exhibited more prolonged severe fatigue (16.7% vs 11.5% vs 12.3%; P =. 017) and presence of ≥3 prolonged symptoms (28.4% vs 21.7% vs 16.0%; P <. 001) compared with the Delta and Omicron cohorts. No differences were seen in the COVID-negatives across time-periods. In multivariable models adjusted for vaccination, severe fatigue and odds of having ≥3 symptoms were no longer significant across variants. Conclusions: Prolonged symptoms following SARS-CoV-2 infection were more common among participants infected during pre-Delta than with Delta and Omicron; however, these differences were no longer significant after adjusting for vaccination status, suggesting a beneficial effect of vaccination on risk of long-Term symptoms. Clinical Trials Registration. NCT04610515.
AB - Background: Most research on severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variants focuses on initial symptomatology with limited longer-Term data. We characterized prevalences of prolonged symptoms 3 months post-SARS-CoV-2 infection across 3 variant time-periods (pre-Delta, Delta, and Omicron). Methods: This multicenter prospective cohort study of adults with acute illness tested for SARS-CoV-2 compared fatigue severity, fatigue symptoms, organ system-based symptoms, and ≥3 symptoms across variants among participants with a positive ("COVID-positive") or negative SARS-CoV-2 test ("COVID-negative") at 3 months after SARS-CoV-2 testing. Variant periods were defined by dates with ≥50% dominant strain. We performed multivariable logistic regression modeling to estimate independent effects of variants adjusting for sociodemographics, baseline health, and vaccine status. Results: The study included 2402 COVID-positive and 821 COVID-negative participants. Among COVID-positives, 463 (19.3%) were pre-Delta, 1198 (49.9%) Delta, and 741 (30.8%) Omicron. The pre-Delta COVID-positive cohort exhibited more prolonged severe fatigue (16.7% vs 11.5% vs 12.3%; P =. 017) and presence of ≥3 prolonged symptoms (28.4% vs 21.7% vs 16.0%; P <. 001) compared with the Delta and Omicron cohorts. No differences were seen in the COVID-negatives across time-periods. In multivariable models adjusted for vaccination, severe fatigue and odds of having ≥3 symptoms were no longer significant across variants. Conclusions: Prolonged symptoms following SARS-CoV-2 infection were more common among participants infected during pre-Delta than with Delta and Omicron; however, these differences were no longer significant after adjusting for vaccination status, suggesting a beneficial effect of vaccination on risk of long-Term symptoms. Clinical Trials Registration. NCT04610515.
KW - COVID-19
KW - Delta
KW - Long COVID
KW - Omicron
KW - SARS-CoV-2
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85161123880&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=85161123880&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1093/cid/ciad045
DO - 10.1093/cid/ciad045
M3 - Article
C2 - 36705268
AN - SCOPUS:85161123880
SN - 1058-4838
VL - 76
SP - 1930
EP - 1941
JO - Clinical Infectious Diseases
JF - Clinical Infectious Diseases
IS - 11
ER -