Renal transplant imaging and complications

The management of end stage renal disease has been revolutionised with the advent of renal transplantation, which offers good quality of life with low morbidity. Imaging plays an important role in the diagnosis and management of complications arising in renal transplant recipients. Ultrasound, Doppler and nuclear medicine are the main imaging modalities. CT scan, MRI and angiography are used in indeterminate cases. Interventional radiology plays a vital role in the management of complications. The aim of this pictorial review is to illustrate the role and limitations of imaging in renal transplant. The normal appearances, the spectrum of pathological conditions affecting the transplant and the complications of immunosuppression are discussed and illustrated.