TY - JOUR
T1 - Relationship between the use of nonpharmaceutical interventions and COVID-19 vaccination among U.S. child care providers
T2 - A prospective cohort study
AU - Patel, Kavin M.
AU - Shafiq, Mehr
AU - Malik, Amyn A.
AU - Cobanoglu, Ayse
AU - Klotz, Madeline
AU - Eric Humphries, John
AU - Lee, Aiden
AU - Murray, Thomas
AU - Wilkinson, David
AU - Yildirim, Inci
AU - Elharake, Jad A.
AU - Diaz, Rachel
AU - Rojas, Rosalia
AU - Kuperwajs Cohen, Anael
AU - Omer, Saad B.
AU - Gilliam, Walter S.
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2022 Elsevier Ltd
PY - 2022/7/29
Y1 - 2022/7/29
N2 - Background: The relationship between the use of nonpharmaceutical interventions and COVID-19 vaccination among U.S. child care providers remains unknown. If unvaccinated child care providers are also less likely to employ nonpharmaceutical interventions, then a vaccine mandate across child care programs may have larger health and safety benefits. Methods: To assess and quantify the relationship between the use of nonpharmaceutical interventions and COVID-19 vaccination among U.S. child care providers, we conducted a prospective cohort study of child care providers (N = 20,013) from all 50 states, the District of Columbia, and Puerto Rico. Child care providers were asked to complete a self-administered email survey in May-June 2020 assessing the use of nonpharmaceutical interventions (predictors) and a follow-up survey in May-June 2021 assessing COVID-19 vaccination (outcome). Nonpharmaceutical interventions were dichotomized as personal mitigation measures (e.g., masking, social distancing, handwashing) and classroom mitigation measures (e.g., temperature checks of staff/children, symptom screening for staff/children, cohorting). Results: For each unendorsed personal mitigation measure during 2020, the likelihood of vaccination in 2021 decreased by 7% (Risk Ratio = 0.93 [95% CI 0.93 – 0.95]). No significant association was found between classroom mitigation measures and child care provider vaccination (Risk Ratio = 1.01 [95% CI 1.00–1.01]). Conclusions: Child care providers who used fewer personal mitigation measures were also less likely to get vaccinated for COVID-19 as an alternative form of protection. The combined nonadherence to multiple types of preventative health behaviors, that is, both nonpharmaceutical interventions and vaccination, among some child care providers may support a role for mandatory vaccination to achieve pandemic control.
AB - Background: The relationship between the use of nonpharmaceutical interventions and COVID-19 vaccination among U.S. child care providers remains unknown. If unvaccinated child care providers are also less likely to employ nonpharmaceutical interventions, then a vaccine mandate across child care programs may have larger health and safety benefits. Methods: To assess and quantify the relationship between the use of nonpharmaceutical interventions and COVID-19 vaccination among U.S. child care providers, we conducted a prospective cohort study of child care providers (N = 20,013) from all 50 states, the District of Columbia, and Puerto Rico. Child care providers were asked to complete a self-administered email survey in May-June 2020 assessing the use of nonpharmaceutical interventions (predictors) and a follow-up survey in May-June 2021 assessing COVID-19 vaccination (outcome). Nonpharmaceutical interventions were dichotomized as personal mitigation measures (e.g., masking, social distancing, handwashing) and classroom mitigation measures (e.g., temperature checks of staff/children, symptom screening for staff/children, cohorting). Results: For each unendorsed personal mitigation measure during 2020, the likelihood of vaccination in 2021 decreased by 7% (Risk Ratio = 0.93 [95% CI 0.93 – 0.95]). No significant association was found between classroom mitigation measures and child care provider vaccination (Risk Ratio = 1.01 [95% CI 1.00–1.01]). Conclusions: Child care providers who used fewer personal mitigation measures were also less likely to get vaccinated for COVID-19 as an alternative form of protection. The combined nonadherence to multiple types of preventative health behaviors, that is, both nonpharmaceutical interventions and vaccination, among some child care providers may support a role for mandatory vaccination to achieve pandemic control.
KW - COVID-19
KW - Child Care Providers
KW - Nonpharmaceutical Interventions
KW - Vaccination
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85132380132&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=85132380132&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.vaccine.2022.05.064
DO - 10.1016/j.vaccine.2022.05.064
M3 - Article
C2 - 35660329
AN - SCOPUS:85132380132
SN - 0264-410X
VL - 40
SP - 4098
EP - 4104
JO - Vaccine
JF - Vaccine
IS - 31
ER -