TY - JOUR
T1 - Psychosis subgroups differ in intrinsic neural activity but not task-specific processing
AU - Hudgens-Haney, Matthew E.
AU - Ethridge, Lauren E.
AU - McDowell, Jennifer E.
AU - Keedy, Sarah K.
AU - Pearlson, Godfrey D.
AU - Tamminga, Carol A.
AU - Keshavan, Matcheri S.
AU - Sweeney, John A.
AU - Clementz, Brett A.
N1 - Funding Information:
Funding for this study was provided by National Institutes of Health Grants MH077862 and MH085485 . The funding source played no role in data analysis or interpretation.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2017 Elsevier B.V.
PY - 2018/5
Y1 - 2018/5
N2 - Individuals with psychosis often show high levels of intrinsic, or nonspecific, neural activity, but attenuated stimulus-specific activity. Clementz et al. (2016) proposed that one subgroup of psychosis cases has accentuated intrinsic activity (Biotype-2's) and a different subgroup (Biotype-1's) has diminished intrinsic activity, with both groups exhibiting varying degrees of cognitive deficits. This model was studied by assessing neural activity in psychosis probands (N = 105) during baseline and a 5 second period in preparation for a pro-/anti-saccade task. Steady-state stimuli allowed real-time assessment of modulation of visuocortical investment to different target locations. Psychosis probands as a whole showed poor antisaccade performance. As expected, Biotype-1 showed diminished intrinsic neural activity and the worst behavior, and Biotype-2 showed accentuated intrinsic activity and less deviant behavior. Both of these groups also exhibited less dynamic oscillatory phase synchrony. Biotype-3 showed no neurophysiological differences from healthy individuals, despite a history of psychosis. Interestingly, all psychosis subgroups showed normal (i.e., not different from healthy) preparatory modulation of visuocortical investment as a function of cognitive demands, despite varying levels of task performance. Similar analyses conducted subgrouping cases by psychotic symptomatology revealed fewer and less consistent differences, including no intrinsic activity differences between any clinical subgroup and healthy individuals. This study illustrates that (i) differences in intrinsic neural activity may be a fundamental characteristic of psychosis and need to be evaluated separately from stimulus-specific responses, and (ii) grouping patients based on multidimensional classification using neurobiological data may have advantages for resolving heterogeneity and clarifying illness mechanisms relative to traditional psychiatric diagnoses.
AB - Individuals with psychosis often show high levels of intrinsic, or nonspecific, neural activity, but attenuated stimulus-specific activity. Clementz et al. (2016) proposed that one subgroup of psychosis cases has accentuated intrinsic activity (Biotype-2's) and a different subgroup (Biotype-1's) has diminished intrinsic activity, with both groups exhibiting varying degrees of cognitive deficits. This model was studied by assessing neural activity in psychosis probands (N = 105) during baseline and a 5 second period in preparation for a pro-/anti-saccade task. Steady-state stimuli allowed real-time assessment of modulation of visuocortical investment to different target locations. Psychosis probands as a whole showed poor antisaccade performance. As expected, Biotype-1 showed diminished intrinsic neural activity and the worst behavior, and Biotype-2 showed accentuated intrinsic activity and less deviant behavior. Both of these groups also exhibited less dynamic oscillatory phase synchrony. Biotype-3 showed no neurophysiological differences from healthy individuals, despite a history of psychosis. Interestingly, all psychosis subgroups showed normal (i.e., not different from healthy) preparatory modulation of visuocortical investment as a function of cognitive demands, despite varying levels of task performance. Similar analyses conducted subgrouping cases by psychotic symptomatology revealed fewer and less consistent differences, including no intrinsic activity differences between any clinical subgroup and healthy individuals. This study illustrates that (i) differences in intrinsic neural activity may be a fundamental characteristic of psychosis and need to be evaluated separately from stimulus-specific responses, and (ii) grouping patients based on multidimensional classification using neurobiological data may have advantages for resolving heterogeneity and clarifying illness mechanisms relative to traditional psychiatric diagnoses.
KW - Biomarkers
KW - Bipolar disorder
KW - EEG
KW - Psychosis
KW - Schizophrenia
KW - Steady-state
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U2 - 10.1016/j.schres.2017.08.023
DO - 10.1016/j.schres.2017.08.023
M3 - Article
C2 - 28844436
AN - SCOPUS:85028081775
SN - 0920-9964
VL - 195
SP - 222
EP - 230
JO - Schizophrenia Research
JF - Schizophrenia Research
ER -