TY - JOUR
T1 - Physiological principles underlying the kidney targeting of renal nanomedicines
AU - Huang, Yingyu
AU - Ning, Xuhui
AU - Ahrari, Samira
AU - Cai, Qi
AU - Rajora, Nilum
AU - Saxena, Ramesh
AU - Yu, Mengxiao
AU - Zheng, Jie
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© Springer Nature Limited 2024.
PY - 2024
Y1 - 2024
N2 - Kidney disease affects more than 10% of the global population and is associated with considerable morbidity and mortality, highlighting a need for new therapeutic options. Engineered nanoparticles for the treatment of kidney diseases (renal nanomedicines) represent one such option, enabling the delivery of targeted therapeutics to specific regions of the kidney. Although they are underdeveloped compared with nanomedicines for diseases such as cancer, findings from preclinical studies suggest that renal nanomedicines may hold promise. However, the physiological principles that govern the in vivo transport and interactions of renal nanomedicines differ from those of cancer nanomedicines, and thus a comprehensive understanding of these principles is needed to design nanomedicines that effectively and specifically target the kidney while ensuring biosafety in their future clinical translation. Herein, we summarize the current understanding of factors that influence the glomerular filtration, tubular uptake, tubular secretion and extrusion of nanoparticles, including size and charge dependency, and the role of specific transporters and processes such as endocytosis. We also describe how the transport and uptake of nanoparticles is altered by kidney disease and discuss strategic approaches by which nanoparticles may be harnessed for the detection and treatment of a variety of kidney diseases.
AB - Kidney disease affects more than 10% of the global population and is associated with considerable morbidity and mortality, highlighting a need for new therapeutic options. Engineered nanoparticles for the treatment of kidney diseases (renal nanomedicines) represent one such option, enabling the delivery of targeted therapeutics to specific regions of the kidney. Although they are underdeveloped compared with nanomedicines for diseases such as cancer, findings from preclinical studies suggest that renal nanomedicines may hold promise. However, the physiological principles that govern the in vivo transport and interactions of renal nanomedicines differ from those of cancer nanomedicines, and thus a comprehensive understanding of these principles is needed to design nanomedicines that effectively and specifically target the kidney while ensuring biosafety in their future clinical translation. Herein, we summarize the current understanding of factors that influence the glomerular filtration, tubular uptake, tubular secretion and extrusion of nanoparticles, including size and charge dependency, and the role of specific transporters and processes such as endocytosis. We also describe how the transport and uptake of nanoparticles is altered by kidney disease and discuss strategic approaches by which nanoparticles may be harnessed for the detection and treatment of a variety of kidney diseases.
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85185930457&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=85185930457&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1038/s41581-024-00819-z
DO - 10.1038/s41581-024-00819-z
M3 - Review article
C2 - 38409369
AN - SCOPUS:85185930457
SN - 1759-5061
JO - Nature Reviews Nephrology
JF - Nature Reviews Nephrology
ER -