TY - JOUR
T1 - Phosphate, the forgotten mineral in hypertension
AU - Kim, Han Kyul
AU - Mizuno, Masaki
AU - Vongpatanasin, Wanpen
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2019 Lippincott Williams and Wilkins. All rights reserved.
PY - 2019/7/1
Y1 - 2019/7/1
N2 - Purpose of reviewThe purpose of this study is to review the current literature related to the role of inorganic phosphate in the pathogenesis of hypertension.Recent findingsAn increasing number of publications have revealed a detrimental role of inorganic phosphate, which is commonly used as a flavor enhancer or preservative in the processed food, in promoting hypertension in otherwise healthy individuals. Animal experimental data indicate that dietary phosphate excess engages multiple mechanisms that promote hypertension, including overactivation of the sympathetic nervous system, increased vascular stiffness, impaired endothelium-dependent vasodilation, as well as increased renal sodium absorption or renal injury. These effects may be explained by direct effects of high extracellular phosphate levels or increase in phosphaturic hormones such as fibroblast growth factor 23, or downregulation of klotho, a transmembrane protein expressed in multiple organs which possess antiaging property.SummaryDietary phosphate, particularly inorganic phosphate, is an emerging risk factor for hypertension which is ubiquitous in the western diet. Large randomized clinical trials are needed to determine if lowering dietary phosphate content constitutes an effective nonpharmacologic intervention for prevention and treatment of hypertension.
AB - Purpose of reviewThe purpose of this study is to review the current literature related to the role of inorganic phosphate in the pathogenesis of hypertension.Recent findingsAn increasing number of publications have revealed a detrimental role of inorganic phosphate, which is commonly used as a flavor enhancer or preservative in the processed food, in promoting hypertension in otherwise healthy individuals. Animal experimental data indicate that dietary phosphate excess engages multiple mechanisms that promote hypertension, including overactivation of the sympathetic nervous system, increased vascular stiffness, impaired endothelium-dependent vasodilation, as well as increased renal sodium absorption or renal injury. These effects may be explained by direct effects of high extracellular phosphate levels or increase in phosphaturic hormones such as fibroblast growth factor 23, or downregulation of klotho, a transmembrane protein expressed in multiple organs which possess antiaging property.SummaryDietary phosphate, particularly inorganic phosphate, is an emerging risk factor for hypertension which is ubiquitous in the western diet. Large randomized clinical trials are needed to determine if lowering dietary phosphate content constitutes an effective nonpharmacologic intervention for prevention and treatment of hypertension.
KW - dietary phosphate
KW - hypertension
KW - sympathetic nervous system
KW - western diet
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U2 - 10.1097/MNH.0000000000000503
DO - 10.1097/MNH.0000000000000503
M3 - Review article
C2 - 30883391
AN - SCOPUS:85067268033
SN - 1062-4821
VL - 28
SP - 345
EP - 351
JO - Current opinion in nephrology and hypertension
JF - Current opinion in nephrology and hypertension
IS - 4
ER -