TY - JOUR
T1 - Pharmacokinetics and bacteriological efficacy of cefoperazone, cefuroxime, ceftriaxone, and moxalactam in experimental Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae meningitis
AU - McCracken, G. H.
AU - Nelson, J. D.
AU - Grimm, L.
PY - 1982
Y1 - 1982
N2 - The pharmacokinetics and bacteriological efficacy of cefoperazone, cefuroxime, ceftriaxone, and moxalactam were evaluated in an experimental rabbit meningitis model of Haemophilus influenzae type b or Streptococcus pneumoniae infection. The cerebrospinal fluid penetration of these beta-lactam antibiotics was from 3 to 14% and was greater in Haemohilus-infected than in pneumococcus-infected animals. With the exception of moxalactam, the antibacterial activity in cerebrospinal fluid and change in concentration of bacteria during therapy with the test drugs were comparable to those of penicillin G in pneumococcal infection. In animals infected with H. influenzae, cefoperazone, moxalactam, and ceftriaxone were as effective as chloramphenicol in reducing the bacterial counts in cerebrospinal fluid. Moxalactam and ceftriaxone produced the largest cerebrospinal fluid bactericidal titers against this beta-lactamase-producing strain of Haemophilus. On the basis of these data, it was concluded that ceftriaxone and cefoperazone were effective against both pathogens in this meningitis model, whereas moxalactam was effective against only Haemophilus, and cefuroxime was effective against only S. pneumoniae.
AB - The pharmacokinetics and bacteriological efficacy of cefoperazone, cefuroxime, ceftriaxone, and moxalactam were evaluated in an experimental rabbit meningitis model of Haemophilus influenzae type b or Streptococcus pneumoniae infection. The cerebrospinal fluid penetration of these beta-lactam antibiotics was from 3 to 14% and was greater in Haemohilus-infected than in pneumococcus-infected animals. With the exception of moxalactam, the antibacterial activity in cerebrospinal fluid and change in concentration of bacteria during therapy with the test drugs were comparable to those of penicillin G in pneumococcal infection. In animals infected with H. influenzae, cefoperazone, moxalactam, and ceftriaxone were as effective as chloramphenicol in reducing the bacterial counts in cerebrospinal fluid. Moxalactam and ceftriaxone produced the largest cerebrospinal fluid bactericidal titers against this beta-lactamase-producing strain of Haemophilus. On the basis of these data, it was concluded that ceftriaxone and cefoperazone were effective against both pathogens in this meningitis model, whereas moxalactam was effective against only Haemophilus, and cefuroxime was effective against only S. pneumoniae.
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U2 - 10.1128/AAC.21.2.262
DO - 10.1128/AAC.21.2.262
M3 - Article
C2 - 6280599
AN - SCOPUS:0020073542
SN - 0066-4804
VL - 21
SP - 262
EP - 267
JO - Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
JF - Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
IS - 2
ER -