@inbook{cabda563907e4d71a85255eca97506ac,
title = "Non-parathyroid Hormone–Mediated Endocrine Causes of Hypercalcemia",
abstract = "Endocrine disorders such as thyrotoxicosis, pheochromocytoma, adrenal insufficiency, and acromegaly can cause non-parathyroid-dependent hypercalcemia in a small percentage of children and adults. Thyrotoxicosis causes hypercalcemia through increased bone turnover and increased catecholamine levels. Hypercalcemia due to pheochromocytoma is related to increased catecholamine levels and ectopic production of parathyroid hormone or parathyroid hormone–related peptide. Hypercalcemia related to adrenal insufficiency is associated with a reduction in glomerular filtration rate and mobilization of calcium from the skeleton. Acromegaly causes hypercalcemia through increased activation of vitamin D. Hypercalcemia in these disorders ranges from mild in the majority of cases to hypercalcemic crises seen rarely with hyperthyroidism and primary adrenal insufficiency. The mainstay of treatment is correction of the underlying endocrine disorder.",
keywords = "Acromegaly, Addison{\textquoteright}s disease, Adrenal insufficiency, Endocrine, Hypercalcemia, Hyperthyroidism, Non-parathyroid, Pheochromocytoma, Thyrotoxicosis",
author = "Alyyah Malick and Ananya Kondapalli and Salila Kurra",
note = "Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.",
year = "2022",
doi = "10.1007/978-3-030-93182-7_15",
language = "English (US)",
series = "Contemporary Endocrinology",
publisher = "Humana Press Inc.",
pages = "223--236",
booktitle = "Contemporary Endocrinology",
}