TY - JOUR
T1 - Non-celiac gluten sensitivity
T2 - All wheat attack is not celiac
AU - Igbinedion, Samuel O.
AU - Ansari, Junaid
AU - Vasikaran, Anush
AU - Gavins, Felicity N.
AU - Jordan, Paul
AU - Boktor, Moheb
AU - Alexander, Jonathan S.
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2017 Baishideng Publishing Group Inc. All rights reserved.
PY - 2017/10/28
Y1 - 2017/10/28
N2 - Currently, 1% of the United States population holds a diagnosis for celiac disease (CD), however, a more recently recognized and possibly related condition, "non-celiac gluten sensitivity" (NCGS) has been suggested to affect up to 6% of the United States public. While reliable clinical tests for CD exist, diagnosing individuals affected by NCGS is still complicated by the lack of reliable biomarkers and reliance upon a broad set of intestinal and extra intestinal symptoms possibly provoked by gluten. NCGS has been proposed to exhibit an innate immune response activated by gluten and several other wheat proteins. At present, an enormous food industry has developed to supply gluten-free products (GFP) with GFP sales in 2014 approaching $1 billion, with estimations projecting sales to reach $2 billion in the year 2020. The enormous demand for GFP also reflects a popular misconception among consumers that gluten avoidance is part of a healthy lifestyle choice. Features of NCGS and other gluten related disorders (e.g., irritable bowel syndrome) call for a review of current distinctive diagnostic criteria that distinguish each, and identification of biomarkers selective or specific for NCGS. The aim of this paper is to review our current understanding of NCGS, highlighting the remaining challenges and questions which may improve its diagnosis and treatment.
AB - Currently, 1% of the United States population holds a diagnosis for celiac disease (CD), however, a more recently recognized and possibly related condition, "non-celiac gluten sensitivity" (NCGS) has been suggested to affect up to 6% of the United States public. While reliable clinical tests for CD exist, diagnosing individuals affected by NCGS is still complicated by the lack of reliable biomarkers and reliance upon a broad set of intestinal and extra intestinal symptoms possibly provoked by gluten. NCGS has been proposed to exhibit an innate immune response activated by gluten and several other wheat proteins. At present, an enormous food industry has developed to supply gluten-free products (GFP) with GFP sales in 2014 approaching $1 billion, with estimations projecting sales to reach $2 billion in the year 2020. The enormous demand for GFP also reflects a popular misconception among consumers that gluten avoidance is part of a healthy lifestyle choice. Features of NCGS and other gluten related disorders (e.g., irritable bowel syndrome) call for a review of current distinctive diagnostic criteria that distinguish each, and identification of biomarkers selective or specific for NCGS. The aim of this paper is to review our current understanding of NCGS, highlighting the remaining challenges and questions which may improve its diagnosis and treatment.
KW - Celiac disease
KW - Gluten
KW - Gluten free diet
KW - Gluten related disorder
KW - Non-celiac gluten sensitivity
KW - Wheat
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U2 - 10.3748/wjg.v23.i40.7201
DO - 10.3748/wjg.v23.i40.7201
M3 - Review article
C2 - 29142467
AN - SCOPUS:85032894075
SN - 1007-9327
VL - 23
SP - 7201
EP - 7210
JO - World Journal of Gastroenterology
JF - World Journal of Gastroenterology
IS - 40
ER -