@article{8404c94ad7894ac1b66bafe43816b9f5,
title = "Multiple myeloma among Blacks and Whites in the United States: Role of cigarettes and alcoholic beverages",
abstract = "In the United States, the incidence rates of multiple myeloma in Blacks are more than twice those in Whites, but the etiology of this cancer is poorly understood. A population-based case-control interview study of 571 subjects (365 White, 206 Black) with multiple myeloma and 2,122 controls (1,155 White, 967 Black) living in three areas of the United States (Georgia, Michigan, New Jersey) offered the opportunity to investigate the relationship with smoking and alcohol drinking and to evaluate whether these factors might contribute to the excess risk of multiple myeloma in Blacks. For Blacks and Whites of either gender, there were no significantly elevated risks associated with ever use of cigarettes or alcoholic beverages and no consistent patterns with either intensity or duration of use. These data support previous studies indicating that smoking and drinking are not related causally to the risk of multiple myeloma, and thus cannot account for the racial disparity in incidence rates.",
keywords = "Alcohol, Esophagus, Multiple myeloma, Race, Smoking, United States",
author = "Brown, {Linda Morris} and Pottern, {Linda M.} and Silverman, {Debra T.} and Schoenberg, {Janet B.} and Schwartz, {Ann G.} and Greenberg, {Raymond S.} and Hayes, {Richard B.} and Liff, {Jonathan M.} and Swanson, {G. Marie} and Robert Hoover",
note = "Funding Information: Ms Brown and Drs Pottern, Silverman, Hayes, and Hoover are with the National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA. Ms Schoenberg is with the New Jersey State Department of Health, Trenton, NJ, USA. Drs Schwartz and Swanson are with the Michigan Cancer Foundation, Detroit, MI, USA. Drs Greenberg and Liff are with the Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA. Authors are also affiliated with the Office of Disease Prevention, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (Dr Pottern); the MCP Hahnemann School of Medicine, Allegheny University of the Health Sciences, Pittsburgh, PA, USA (Dr Schwartz); the Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA (Dr Greenberg); and the Cancer Center, Michigan State University, E. Lansing, MI (Dr. Swanson). Address correspondence to Ms Brown, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Executive Plaza North, Room 415, 6130 Executive Blvd. MSC 7368, Bethesda, MD 20892-7368, USA. This research was performed under contracts NO1-CP-51090, NO1-CP-51089, NO1-CP-51092, NO1-CN-05225, NO1-CN-31022, and NO1-CN-0522 from the US National Cancer Institute.",
year = "1997",
doi = "10.1023/A:1018498414298",
language = "English (US)",
volume = "8",
pages = "610--614",
journal = "Cancer Causes and Control",
issn = "0957-5243",
publisher = "Springer Netherlands",
number = "4",
}