TY - JOUR
T1 - Microchannel Electrode Stimulation of Deep Peroneal Nerve Fascicles Induced Mean Arterial Depressor Response in Hypertensive Rats
AU - Kim, Young tae
AU - Kanneganti, Aswini
AU - Nothnagle, Caleb
AU - Landrith, Ryan
AU - Mizuno, Masaki
AU - Wijesundara, Muthu B.J.
AU - Smith, Scott
AU - Romero-Ortega, Mario I.
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2015, The Author(s).
PY - 2015/6
Y1 - 2015/6
N2 - Hypertension (HTN) affects over 1 billion people in the world, and while most are treated effectively with pharmacological regimens, 10–30% of them do not show a beneficial response. Electrical stimulation of the renal sympathetic, vagus and carotid sinus nerves has shown depressor effects and has been proposed as an alternative treatment for resistant hypertension (R-HTN). However, these nerves are heterogeneous in afferent/efferent composition, and their stimulation often results in unwanted side effects. We evaluated the possibility of eliciting a depressor response from stimulation of single fascicle of the somatic deep peroneal nerve (fDPN). A microchannel electrode array (µCEA) was used to stimulate the fDPN at low frequency, which induced a significant (p ≤ 0.03) transient reduction in mean arterial pressure (MAP) with no significant effects on heart rate. The depressor response was prolonged for several hours by extending the fDPN stimulation to 5 min, which induced significant reduction (17–25%) in MAP for up to 4 h. Immunofluorescence evaluation of the axonal marker, myelin, and active macrophages in the fDPN revealed no indication of nerve damage or overt inflammation in response to the procedure. This study provides evidence supporting the use of µCEA interfacing of small somatic nerve fascicles associated with cardiovascular relevant acupoints to induce significant reductions in MAP and opens the possibility of neuromodulation of small fascicles as an alternative strategy to treat R-HTN with minimal side effects. Further, the µCEA multielectrode array offers an effective tool for neuromodulation of small nerve fascicles, enabling a number of possible future medical bioelectronic applications.
AB - Hypertension (HTN) affects over 1 billion people in the world, and while most are treated effectively with pharmacological regimens, 10–30% of them do not show a beneficial response. Electrical stimulation of the renal sympathetic, vagus and carotid sinus nerves has shown depressor effects and has been proposed as an alternative treatment for resistant hypertension (R-HTN). However, these nerves are heterogeneous in afferent/efferent composition, and their stimulation often results in unwanted side effects. We evaluated the possibility of eliciting a depressor response from stimulation of single fascicle of the somatic deep peroneal nerve (fDPN). A microchannel electrode array (µCEA) was used to stimulate the fDPN at low frequency, which induced a significant (p ≤ 0.03) transient reduction in mean arterial pressure (MAP) with no significant effects on heart rate. The depressor response was prolonged for several hours by extending the fDPN stimulation to 5 min, which induced significant reduction (17–25%) in MAP for up to 4 h. Immunofluorescence evaluation of the axonal marker, myelin, and active macrophages in the fDPN revealed no indication of nerve damage or overt inflammation in response to the procedure. This study provides evidence supporting the use of µCEA interfacing of small somatic nerve fascicles associated with cardiovascular relevant acupoints to induce significant reductions in MAP and opens the possibility of neuromodulation of small fascicles as an alternative strategy to treat R-HTN with minimal side effects. Further, the µCEA multielectrode array offers an effective tool for neuromodulation of small nerve fascicles, enabling a number of possible future medical bioelectronic applications.
KW - Carotid Sinus Nerve
KW - Depressor Response
KW - Resistant Hypertension (R-HTN)
KW - Single Fascicle
KW - Small Fascicles
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85045549499&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=85045549499&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.15424/bioelectronmed.2015.00001
DO - 10.15424/bioelectronmed.2015.00001
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85045549499
SN - 2332-8886
VL - 2
SP - 55
EP - 62
JO - Bioelectronic Medicine
JF - Bioelectronic Medicine
IS - 1
ER -