TY - JOUR
T1 - Malingering and Defensiveness on the Spanish Personality Assessment Inventory
T2 - An Initial Investigation with Mostly Spanish-Speaking Outpatients
AU - Correa, Amor A.
AU - Rogers, Richard
AU - Williams, Margot M.
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© The Author(s) 2018.
PY - 2020/9/1
Y1 - 2020/9/1
N2 - Psychological assessments can be essentially invalidated by examinees’ intentional response styles, such as feigning (i.e., fabrication or marked overreporting of symptoms/impairment) and defensiveness (i.e., denial or minimization of symptoms/impairment). As a psychometric strength, the Personality Assessment Inventory (PAI) has established validity indicators for identifying both response styles. With the United States’ increasing ethnic and cultural diversity, predominantly Spanish-speaking individuals are now estimated in the range of 15 million persons. Unfortunately, very little research has been conducted on the Spanish-translated PAI regarding its effectiveness in clinical populations. Using a between-subjects design, a sample of mostly Spanish-speaking outpatients was randomly assigned to genuine, feigning, or defensive conditions. For feigning, PAI malingering indicators using rare symptoms strategies (i.e., Negative Impression [NIM] and Negative Distortion [NDS] scales) demonstrated moderate to large effect sizes. For defensiveness, the Defensive (DEF) index proved the most effective with a very large effect size (M = 1.68). Different cut scores were examined to increase the clinical utility of the Spanish PAI for determining response styles.
AB - Psychological assessments can be essentially invalidated by examinees’ intentional response styles, such as feigning (i.e., fabrication or marked overreporting of symptoms/impairment) and defensiveness (i.e., denial or minimization of symptoms/impairment). As a psychometric strength, the Personality Assessment Inventory (PAI) has established validity indicators for identifying both response styles. With the United States’ increasing ethnic and cultural diversity, predominantly Spanish-speaking individuals are now estimated in the range of 15 million persons. Unfortunately, very little research has been conducted on the Spanish-translated PAI regarding its effectiveness in clinical populations. Using a between-subjects design, a sample of mostly Spanish-speaking outpatients was randomly assigned to genuine, feigning, or defensive conditions. For feigning, PAI malingering indicators using rare symptoms strategies (i.e., Negative Impression [NIM] and Negative Distortion [NDS] scales) demonstrated moderate to large effect sizes. For defensiveness, the Defensive (DEF) index proved the most effective with a very large effect size (M = 1.68). Different cut scores were examined to increase the clinical utility of the Spanish PAI for determining response styles.
KW - Personality Assessment Inventory (PAI)
KW - Spanish
KW - defensiveness
KW - feigning
KW - response styles
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85048955396&partnerID=8YFLogxK
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U2 - 10.1177/1073191118778895
DO - 10.1177/1073191118778895
M3 - Article
C2 - 29929387
AN - SCOPUS:85048955396
SN - 1073-1911
VL - 27
SP - 1163
EP - 1175
JO - Assessment
JF - Assessment
IS - 6
ER -