TY - JOUR
T1 - Long non-coding RNAs
T2 - definitions, functions, challenges and recommendations
AU - Mattick, John S.
AU - Amaral, Paulo P.
AU - Carninci, Piero
AU - Carpenter, Susan
AU - Chang, Howard Y.
AU - Chen, Ling Ling
AU - Chen, Runsheng
AU - Dean, Caroline
AU - Dinger, Marcel E.
AU - Fitzgerald, Katherine A.
AU - Gingeras, Thomas R.
AU - Guttman, Mitchell
AU - Hirose, Tetsuro
AU - Huarte, Maite
AU - Johnson, Rory
AU - Kanduri, Chandrasekhar
AU - Kapranov, Philipp
AU - Lawrence, Jeanne B.
AU - Lee, Jeannie T.
AU - Mendell, Joshua T.
AU - Mercer, Timothy R.
AU - Moore, Kathryn J.
AU - Nakagawa, Shinichi
AU - Rinn, John L.
AU - Spector, David L.
AU - Ulitsky, Igor
AU - Wan, Yue
AU - Wilusz, Jeremy E.
AU - Wu, Mian
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2023, Springer Nature Limited.
PY - 2023/6
Y1 - 2023/6
N2 - Genes specifying long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) occupy a large fraction of the genomes of complex organisms. The term ‘lncRNAs’ encompasses RNA polymerase I (Pol I), Pol II and Pol III transcribed RNAs, and RNAs from processed introns. The various functions of lncRNAs and their many isoforms and interleaved relationships with other genes make lncRNA classification and annotation difficult. Most lncRNAs evolve more rapidly than protein-coding sequences, are cell type specific and regulate many aspects of cell differentiation and development and other physiological processes. Many lncRNAs associate with chromatin-modifying complexes, are transcribed from enhancers and nucleate phase separation of nuclear condensates and domains, indicating an intimate link between lncRNA expression and the spatial control of gene expression during development. lncRNAs also have important roles in the cytoplasm and beyond, including in the regulation of translation, metabolism and signalling. lncRNAs often have a modular structure and are rich in repeats, which are increasingly being shown to be relevant to their function. In this Consensus Statement, we address the definition and nomenclature of lncRNAs and their conservation, expression, phenotypic visibility, structure and functions. We also discuss research challenges and provide recommendations to advance the understanding of the roles of lncRNAs in development, cell biology and disease.
AB - Genes specifying long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) occupy a large fraction of the genomes of complex organisms. The term ‘lncRNAs’ encompasses RNA polymerase I (Pol I), Pol II and Pol III transcribed RNAs, and RNAs from processed introns. The various functions of lncRNAs and their many isoforms and interleaved relationships with other genes make lncRNA classification and annotation difficult. Most lncRNAs evolve more rapidly than protein-coding sequences, are cell type specific and regulate many aspects of cell differentiation and development and other physiological processes. Many lncRNAs associate with chromatin-modifying complexes, are transcribed from enhancers and nucleate phase separation of nuclear condensates and domains, indicating an intimate link between lncRNA expression and the spatial control of gene expression during development. lncRNAs also have important roles in the cytoplasm and beyond, including in the regulation of translation, metabolism and signalling. lncRNAs often have a modular structure and are rich in repeats, which are increasingly being shown to be relevant to their function. In this Consensus Statement, we address the definition and nomenclature of lncRNAs and their conservation, expression, phenotypic visibility, structure and functions. We also discuss research challenges and provide recommendations to advance the understanding of the roles of lncRNAs in development, cell biology and disease.
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U2 - 10.1038/s41580-022-00566-8
DO - 10.1038/s41580-022-00566-8
M3 - Article
C2 - 36596869
AN - SCOPUS:85145508616
SN - 1471-0072
VL - 24
SP - 430
EP - 447
JO - Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology
JF - Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology
IS - 6
ER -