TY - JOUR
T1 - Initial experimental studies of using solid-state photomultiplier for PET applications
AU - Shao, Yiping
AU - Li, Hongrui
AU - Gao, Kanke
N1 - Funding Information:
This research was supported by the Sterbutzel research foundation. The authors would like to thank Dr. Y. Tai from Washington University in St. Louis for providing LSO crystals and Dr. D. McNally from Photonique SA for very helpful discussions on the application of SSPM.
PY - 2007/10/1
Y1 - 2007/10/1
N2 - An evaluation of solid-state photomultiplier (SSPM) has been conducted for Positron Emission Tomography (PET) applications. The single-channel PET detector has been measured for its performance with respect to linearity of light detection, energy resolution, coincidence timing resolution, and depth-of-interaction detection capability. The SSPMs used have a 1×1 mm2 active detection area. At nominal bias, it has a peak sensitivity around 470 nm, typical single photon detection efficiency around 20%, gain about 600,000, dark current 25 μA, and excess noise factor <1.3. A trans-impedance preamplifier was used to read the signal under operating conditions consisted with a balanced energy and timing performance for the PET application. In this initial study, there was a geometry mismatch between the SSPM and LSO crystal with a 2×2 mm2 cross-sectional area, where the light loss could reach 75%. Measured energy and coincidence timing resolutions are 23% and 1.8 ns, respectively, all within the SSPM linear region of photon detection up to ∼250 photoelectrons. The depth-of-interaction (DOI) resolution was measured with two SSPMs detecting lights at both ends of a 1.8×2×20 mm3 LSO crystal, using a conventional electronic collimation method to localize the DOI positions. The measured DOI resolution was 4.5 (+/-0.3) mm, sufficient to develop a PET detector for the measurement of 3D interaction locations. These preliminary measurements have demonstrated the feasibility of using SSPMs for PET applications.
AB - An evaluation of solid-state photomultiplier (SSPM) has been conducted for Positron Emission Tomography (PET) applications. The single-channel PET detector has been measured for its performance with respect to linearity of light detection, energy resolution, coincidence timing resolution, and depth-of-interaction detection capability. The SSPMs used have a 1×1 mm2 active detection area. At nominal bias, it has a peak sensitivity around 470 nm, typical single photon detection efficiency around 20%, gain about 600,000, dark current 25 μA, and excess noise factor <1.3. A trans-impedance preamplifier was used to read the signal under operating conditions consisted with a balanced energy and timing performance for the PET application. In this initial study, there was a geometry mismatch between the SSPM and LSO crystal with a 2×2 mm2 cross-sectional area, where the light loss could reach 75%. Measured energy and coincidence timing resolutions are 23% and 1.8 ns, respectively, all within the SSPM linear region of photon detection up to ∼250 photoelectrons. The depth-of-interaction (DOI) resolution was measured with two SSPMs detecting lights at both ends of a 1.8×2×20 mm3 LSO crystal, using a conventional electronic collimation method to localize the DOI positions. The measured DOI resolution was 4.5 (+/-0.3) mm, sufficient to develop a PET detector for the measurement of 3D interaction locations. These preliminary measurements have demonstrated the feasibility of using SSPMs for PET applications.
KW - Depth-of-interaction (DOI)
KW - Positron emission tomography (PET)
KW - Scintillator detector
KW - Silicon photomultiplier
KW - Solid-state photomultiplier
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U2 - 10.1016/j.nima.2007.06.053
DO - 10.1016/j.nima.2007.06.053
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:34548486507
SN - 0168-9002
VL - 580
SP - 944
EP - 950
JO - Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research, Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment
JF - Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research, Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment
IS - 2
ER -