TY - JOUR
T1 - Immunogenetics of gastrointestinal cancers
T2 - A systematic review and retrospective survey of inborn errors of immunity in humans
AU - Zheng, Beishi
AU - Artin, Michael G.
AU - Chung, Howard
AU - Chen, Bing
AU - Sun, Siming
AU - May, Benjamin L.
AU - Hur, Chin
AU - Green, Peter H.R.
AU - Wang, Timothy C.
AU - Park, Jiheum
AU - Kong, Xiao Fei
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2022 Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Foundation and John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd.
PY - 2022/6
Y1 - 2022/6
N2 - Background and Aim: Humans with inborn errors of immunity (IEI), or primary immunodeficiencies, may be associated with a potential risk factor for early-onset gastrointestinal (GI) cancer. Methods: We systematically reviewed all cases with clinical diagnoses of both an IEI and a GI cancer in three databases (MEDLINE, SCOPUS, and EMBASE). In total, 76 publications satisfying our inclusion criteria were identified, and data for 149 cases were analyzed. We also searched our institutional cancer registry for such cases. Results: We identified 149 patients with both an IEI and a GI cancer, 95 presented gastric cancer, 13 small bowel cancer, 35 colorectal cancer, and 6 had an unspecified cancer or cancer at another site. Gastric and colon adenocarcinomas were the most common. For both gastric and colorectal cancers, age at onset was significantly earlier in patients with IEIs than in the general population, based on the SEER database. Common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) was the most common IEI associated with gastrointestinal cancer. About 12% of patients had molecular genetic diagnoses, the three most frequently implicated genes being ATM, CARMIL2, and CTLA4. Impaired humoral immunity and Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) infection were frequently reported as factors potentially underlying early-onset GI cancers in patients with IEIs. We identified one patient with CVID and early-onset gastric adenocarcinoma, recurrent diarrhea, and gastrointestinal CMV infection from a retrospective survey. Conclusion: Patients with IEIs should be considered at risk of early-onset GI cancers and should therefore undergo cancer screening at an earlier age.
AB - Background and Aim: Humans with inborn errors of immunity (IEI), or primary immunodeficiencies, may be associated with a potential risk factor for early-onset gastrointestinal (GI) cancer. Methods: We systematically reviewed all cases with clinical diagnoses of both an IEI and a GI cancer in three databases (MEDLINE, SCOPUS, and EMBASE). In total, 76 publications satisfying our inclusion criteria were identified, and data for 149 cases were analyzed. We also searched our institutional cancer registry for such cases. Results: We identified 149 patients with both an IEI and a GI cancer, 95 presented gastric cancer, 13 small bowel cancer, 35 colorectal cancer, and 6 had an unspecified cancer or cancer at another site. Gastric and colon adenocarcinomas were the most common. For both gastric and colorectal cancers, age at onset was significantly earlier in patients with IEIs than in the general population, based on the SEER database. Common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) was the most common IEI associated with gastrointestinal cancer. About 12% of patients had molecular genetic diagnoses, the three most frequently implicated genes being ATM, CARMIL2, and CTLA4. Impaired humoral immunity and Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) infection were frequently reported as factors potentially underlying early-onset GI cancers in patients with IEIs. We identified one patient with CVID and early-onset gastric adenocarcinoma, recurrent diarrhea, and gastrointestinal CMV infection from a retrospective survey. Conclusion: Patients with IEIs should be considered at risk of early-onset GI cancers and should therefore undergo cancer screening at an earlier age.
KW - gastrointestinal cancer
KW - human genetics
KW - immunosurveillance
KW - inborn errors of immunity
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U2 - 10.1111/jgh.15848
DO - 10.1111/jgh.15848
M3 - Review article
C2 - 35384041
AN - SCOPUS:85127958965
SN - 0815-9319
VL - 37
SP - 973
EP - 982
JO - Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology (Australia)
JF - Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology (Australia)
IS - 6
ER -