TY - JOUR
T1 - Identifying Patients Vulnerable to Inadequate Pain Resolution After Cardiac Surgery
AU - Kelly, Ian
AU - Fields, Kara
AU - Sarin, Pankaj
AU - Pang, Amanda
AU - Sigurdsson, Martin I.
AU - Shernan, Stanton K.
AU - Fox, Amanda A.
AU - Body, Simon C.
AU - Muehlschlegel, Jochen D.
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2022 Elsevier Inc.
PY - 2022
Y1 - 2022
N2 - Acute postoperative pain (APOP) is often evaluated through granular parameters, though monitoring postoperative pain using trends may better describe pain state. We investigated acute postoperative pain trajectories in cardiac surgical patients to identify subpopulations of pain resolution and elucidate predictors of problematic pain courses. We examined retrospective data from 2810 cardiac surgical patients at a single center. The k-means algorithm for longitudinal data was used to generate clusters of pain trajectories over the first 5 postoperative days. Patient characteristics were examined for association with cluster membership using ordinal and multinomial logistic regression. We identified 3 subgroups of pain resolution after cardiac surgery: 37.7% with good resolution, 44.2% with moderate resolution, and 18.2% exhibiting poor resolution. Type I diabetes (2.04 [1.00–4.16], p = 0.05), preoperative opioid use (1.65 [1.23–2.22], p = 0.001), and illicit drug use (1.89 [1.26–2.83], p = 0.002) elevated risk of membership into worse pain trajectory clusters. Female gender (1.72 [1.30–2.27], p < 0.001), depression (1.60 [1.03–2.50], p = 0.04) and chronic pain (3.28 [1.79–5.99], p < 0.001) increased risk of membership in the worst pain resolution cluster. This study defined 3 APOP resolution subgroups based on pain score trend after cardiac surgery and identified factors that predisposed patients to worse resolution. Patients with moderate or poor pain trajectory consumed more opioids and received them for longer before discharge. Future studies are warranted to determine if altering postoperative pain monitoring and management improve postoperative course of patients at risk of moderate or poor pain resolution.
AB - Acute postoperative pain (APOP) is often evaluated through granular parameters, though monitoring postoperative pain using trends may better describe pain state. We investigated acute postoperative pain trajectories in cardiac surgical patients to identify subpopulations of pain resolution and elucidate predictors of problematic pain courses. We examined retrospective data from 2810 cardiac surgical patients at a single center. The k-means algorithm for longitudinal data was used to generate clusters of pain trajectories over the first 5 postoperative days. Patient characteristics were examined for association with cluster membership using ordinal and multinomial logistic regression. We identified 3 subgroups of pain resolution after cardiac surgery: 37.7% with good resolution, 44.2% with moderate resolution, and 18.2% exhibiting poor resolution. Type I diabetes (2.04 [1.00–4.16], p = 0.05), preoperative opioid use (1.65 [1.23–2.22], p = 0.001), and illicit drug use (1.89 [1.26–2.83], p = 0.002) elevated risk of membership into worse pain trajectory clusters. Female gender (1.72 [1.30–2.27], p < 0.001), depression (1.60 [1.03–2.50], p = 0.04) and chronic pain (3.28 [1.79–5.99], p < 0.001) increased risk of membership in the worst pain resolution cluster. This study defined 3 APOP resolution subgroups based on pain score trend after cardiac surgery and identified factors that predisposed patients to worse resolution. Patients with moderate or poor pain trajectory consumed more opioids and received them for longer before discharge. Future studies are warranted to determine if altering postoperative pain monitoring and management improve postoperative course of patients at risk of moderate or poor pain resolution.
KW - APOP
KW - Opioids
KW - Pain trajectory
KW - Sternotomy
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85146936140&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=85146936140&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1053/j.semtcvs.2022.08.010
DO - 10.1053/j.semtcvs.2022.08.010
M3 - Article
C2 - 36084862
AN - SCOPUS:85146936140
SN - 1043-0679
JO - Seminars in thoracic and cardiovascular surgery
JF - Seminars in thoracic and cardiovascular surgery
ER -