Hepatic steatosis and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease are common and associated with cardiometabolic risk in a primary prevention cohort of people with HIV

Jordan E. Lake, Jana Taron, Heather J. Ribaudo, Jorge Leon-Cruz, Netanya S. Utay, Shobha Swaminathan, Kathleen V. Fitch, Emma M. Kileel, Kayla Paradis, Evelynne S. Fulda, Ken S. Ho, Anne F. Luetkemeyer, Carrie D. Johnston, Markella V. Zanni, Pamela S. Douglas, Steven K. Grinspoon, Michael T. Lu, Carl J. Fichtenbaum

Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review

2 Scopus citations

Abstract

Background:Hepatic steatosis, including nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), is common among people with HIV (PWH). We present baseline steatosis prevalence and cardiometabolic characteristics among REPRIEVE substudy participants.Methods:REPRIEVE is an international, primary cardiovascular disease prevention, randomized, controlled trial of pitavastatin calcium vs. placebo among 7769 PWH ages 40-75years on antiretroviral therapy (ART) and with low-To-moderate cardiovascular risk. A subset of participants underwent noncontrast computed tomography, with hepatic steatosis defined as mean hepatic attenuation less than 40 HU or liver/spleen ratio less than 1.0, and NAFLD defined as steatosis in the absence of frequent alcohol use or viral hepatitis.Results:Of 687 evaluable persons, median age was 51years, BMI 27kg/m2, CD4+T-cell count 607 cells/μl; 17% natal female sex, 36% Black, 24% Hispanic, and 98% HIV-1 RNA less than 400copies/ml. Hepatic steatosis prevalence was 22% (149/687), and NAFLD 21% (96/466). Steatosis/NAFLD prevalence was higher in men and with older age, non-Black race, and higher BMI and waist circumference. Both were associated with BMI greater than 30kg/m2, metabolic syndrome components, higher atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) risk score, HOMA-IR, LpPLA-2 and hs-CRP, and lower high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. Of HIV-specific/ART-specific characteristics, only history of an AIDS-defining illness was more common among persons with steatosis/NAFLD. After adjusting for age, sex and race/ethnicity, BMI greater than 30kg/m2, HOMA-IR greater than 2.0, Metabolic syndrome and each of its components were associated with NAFLD prevalence.Conclusion:In this cohort with controlled HIV and low-To-moderate cardiovascular risk, hepatic steatosis and NAFLD were common and associated with clinically relevant metabolic and inflammatory disturbances but not current HIV-related or ART-related factors.

Original languageEnglish (US)
Pages (from-to)2149-2159
Number of pages11
JournalAIDS
Volume37
Issue number14
DOIs
StatePublished - Nov 15 2023

Keywords

  • HIV
  • hepatic steatosis
  • nonalcoholic fatty liver disease

ASJC Scopus subject areas

  • Immunology and Allergy
  • Immunology
  • Infectious Diseases

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