@article{f6c66923448143c49c214fa61d62a757,
title = "Glycosylated superparamagnetic nanoparticle gradients for osteochondral tissue engineering",
abstract = "In developmental biology, gradients of bioactive signals direct the formation of structural transitions in tissue that are key to physiological function. Failure to reproduce these native features in an in vitro setting can severely limit the success of bioengineered tissue constructs. In this report, we introduce a facile and rapid platform that uses magnetic field alignment of glycosylated superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles, pre-loaded with growth factors, to pattern biochemical gradients into a range of biomaterial systems. Gradients of bone morphogenetic protein 2 in agarose hydrogels were used to spatially direct the osteogenesis of human mesenchymal stem cells and generate robust osteochondral tissue constructs exhibiting a clear mineral transition from bone to cartilage. Interestingly, the smooth gradients in growth factor concentration gave rise to biologically-relevant, emergent structural features, including a tidemark transition demarcating mineralized and non-mineralized tissue and an osteochondral interface rich in hypertrophic chondrocytes. This platform technology offers great versatility and provides an exciting new opportunity for overcoming a range of interfacial tissue engineering challenges.",
keywords = "Gradients, Magnetic, Nanoparticles, Osteochondral, Tissue engineering",
author = "Chunching Li and Armstrong, {James PK} and Pence, {Isaac J.} and Worrapong Kit-Anan and Puetzer, {Jennifer L.} and {Correia Carreira}, Sara and Moore, {Axel C.} and Stevens, {Molly M.}",
note = "Funding Information: C.L. was supported by a Top University Strategic Alliance PhD Scholarship from Taiwan. J.P.K.A. acknowledges support from the Arthritis Research U.K. Foundation (21138). I.J.P., J.L.P. and A.C.M. were supported by the Whitaker International Program, Institute of International Education, U.S.A. W.K.-A. was supported by the British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence (RE/13/4/30184). S.C.C. acknowledges funding from the Bristol Centre for Functional Nanomaterials, sponsored by the Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EP/G036780/1). M.M.S. was funded by the grant from the UK Regenerative Medicine Platform “Acellular Approaches for Therapeutic Delivery” (MR/K026682/1). M.M.S. also acknowledges the grant “State of the Art Biomaterials Development and Characterization of the Cell-Biomaterial Interface” (MR/L012677/1) from the Medical Research Council, the European Research Council Seventh Framework Programme Consolidator grant “Naturale CG” (616417) and the Wellcome Trust Senior Investigator Award (098411/Z/12/Z). We also thank the Facility for Imaging by Light Microscopy (FILM) at Imperial College London. We acknowledge the assistance provided by Dr. Ioanna Mylonaki in analyzing the growth factor release data. Raw data are available upon request from rdm-enquiries@imperial.ac.uk. Funding Information: C.L. was supported by a Top University Strategic Alliance PhD Scholarship from Taiwan. J.P.K.A. acknowledges support from the Arthritis Research U.K. Foundation ( 21138 ). I.J.P., J.L.P. and A.C.M. were supported by the Whitaker International Program, Institute of International Education, U.S.A . W.K.-A. was supported by the British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence ( RE/13/4/30184 ). S.C.C. acknowledges funding from the Bristol Centre for Functional Nanomaterials , sponsored by the Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council ( EP/G036780/1 ). M.M.S. was funded by the grant from the UK Regenerative Medicine Platform “Acellular Approaches for Therapeutic Delivery” ( MR/K026682/1 ). M.M.S. also acknowledges the grant “ State of the Art Biomaterials Development and Characterization of the Cell-Biomaterial Interface ” ( MR/L012677/1 ) from the Medical Research Council , the European Research Council Seventh Framework Programme Consolidator grant “ Naturale CG ” ( 616417 ) and the Wellcome Trust Senior Investigator Award ( 098411/Z/12/Z ). We also thank the Facility for Imaging by Light Microscopy (FILM) at Imperial College London. We acknowledge the assistance provided by Dr. Ioanna Mylonaki in analyzing the growth factor release data. Raw data are available upon request from rdm-enquiries@imperial.ac.uk . Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2018 The Authors",
year = "2018",
month = sep,
doi = "10.1016/j.biomaterials.2018.05.029",
language = "English (US)",
volume = "176",
pages = "24--33",
journal = "Biomaterials",
issn = "0142-9612",
publisher = "Elsevier BV",
}