Factors Associated with Veteran Self-Reported Use of Digital Health Devices

Background: Digital health devices (DHDs), technologies designed to gather, monitor, and sometimes share data about health-related behaviors or symptoms, can support the prevention or management of chronic conditions. DHDs range in complexity and utility, from tracking lifestyle behaviors (e.g., pedometer) to more sophisticated biometric data collection for disease self-management (e.g., glucometers). Despite these positive health benefits, supporting adoption and sustained use of DHDs remains a challenge. Objective: This analysis examined the prevalence of, and factors associated with, DHD use within the Veterans Health Administration (VHA). Design: National survey. Participants: Veterans who receive VHA care and are active secure messaging users. Main Measures: Demographics, access to technology, perceptions of using health technologies, and use of lifestyle monitoring and self-management DHDs. Results: Among respondents, 87% were current or past users of at least one DHD, and 58% were provided a DHD by VHA. Respondents 65 + years were less likely to use a lifestyle monitoring device (AOR 0.57, 95% CI [0.39, 0.81], P =.002), but more likely to use a self-management device (AOR 1.69, 95% [1.10, 2.59], P =.016). Smartphone owners were more likely to use a lifestyle monitoring device (AOR 2.60, 95% CI [1.42, 4.75], P =.002) and a self-management device (AOR 1.83, 95% CI [1.04, 3.23], P =.037). Conclusions: The current analysis describes the types of DHDs that are being adopted by Veterans and factors associated with their adoption. Results suggest that various factors influence adoption, including age, access to technology, and health status, and that these relationships may differ based on the functionalities of the device. VHA provision of devices was frequent among device users. Providing Veterans with DHDs and the training needed to use them may be important factors in facilitating device adoption. Taken together, this knowledge can inform future implementation efforts, and next steps to support patient-team decision making about DHD use.