Factors Associated With COVID-19 Non-vaccination in Adolescents Hospitalized Without COVID-19

Leila C. Sahni; Ashley M. Price; Samantha M. Olson; Margaret M. Newhams; Pia S. Pannaraj; Aline B. Maddux; Natasha B. Halasa; Katherine E. Bline; Melissa A. Cameron; Stephanie P. Schwartz; Tracie C. Walker; Katherine Irby; Kathleen Chiotos; Ryan A. Nofziger; Elizabeth H. Mack; Laura Smallcomb; Tamara T. Bradford; Satoshi Kamidani; Keiko M. Tarquinio; Natalie Z. Cvijanovich; Jennifer E. Schuster; Samina S. Bhumbra; Emily R. Levy; Charlotte V. Hobbs; Melissa L. Cullimore; Bria M. Coates; Sabrina M. Heidemann; Shira J. Gertz; Michele Kong; Heidi R. Flori; Mary A. Staat; Matt S. Zinter; Janet R. Hume; Brandon M. Chatani; Mary G. Gaspers; Mia Maamari; Adrienne G. Randolph; Manish M. Patel; Julie A. Boom

doi:10.1093/jpids/piac113

Factors Associated With COVID-19 Non-vaccination in Adolescents Hospitalized Without COVID-19

Leila C. Sahni, Ashley M. Price, Samantha M. Olson, Margaret M. Newhams, Pia S. Pannaraj, Aline B. Maddux, Natasha B. Halasa, Katherine E. Bline, Melissa A. Cameron, Stephanie P. Schwartz, Tracie C. Walker, Katherine Irby, Kathleen Chiotos, Ryan A. Nofziger, Elizabeth H. Mack, Laura Smallcomb, Tamara T. Bradford, Satoshi Kamidani, Keiko M. Tarquinio, Natalie Z. CvijanovichJennifer E. Schuster, Samina S. Bhumbra, Emily R. Levy, Charlotte V. Hobbs, Melissa L. Cullimore, Bria M. Coates, Sabrina M. Heidemann, Shira J. Gertz, Michele Kong, Heidi R. Flori, Mary A. Staat, Matt S. Zinter, Janet R. Hume, Brandon M. Chatani, Mary G. Gaspers, Mia Maamari, Adrienne G. Randolph, Manish M. Patel, Julie A. Boom

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine received emergency use authorization for persons ≥ 16 years in December 2020 and for adolescents 12-15 years in May 2021. Despite the clear benefits and favorable safety profile, vaccine uptake in adolescents has been suboptimal. We sought to assess factors associated with COVID-19 non-vaccination in adolescents 12-18 years of age. METHODS: Between June 1, 2021 and April 29, 2022, we assessed factors associated with COVID-19 non-vaccination in hospitalized adolescents ages 12-18 years enrolled in the Overcoming COVID-19 vaccine effectiveness network. Demographic characteristics and clinical information were captured through parent interviews and/or electronic medical record abstraction; COVID-19 vaccination was assessed through documented sources. We assessed associations between receipt of the COVID-19 vaccine and demographic and clinical factors using univariate and multivariable logistic regression and estimated adjusted odds ratios (aOR) for each factor associated with non-vaccination. RESULTS: Among 1665 hospitalized adolescents without COVID-19, 56% were unvaccinated. Unvaccinated adolescents were younger (median age 15.1 years vs. 15.4 years, p < .01) and resided in areas with higher social vulnerability index (SVI) scores (median 0.6 vs 0.5, p < .001) than vaccinated adolescents. Residence in the Midwest [aOR 2.60 (95% CI: 1.80, 3.79)] or South [aOR 2.49 (95% CI: 1.77, 3.54)] US census regions, rarely or never receiving influenza vaccine [aOR 5.31 (95% CI: 3.81, 7.47)], and rarely or never taking precautions against COVID-19 [aOR 3.17 (95% CI: 1.94, 5.31)] were associated with non-vaccination against COVID-19. CONCLUSIONS: Efforts to increase COVID-19 vaccination of adolescents should focus on persons with geographic, socioeconomic, and medical risk factors associated with non-vaccination.

Original language	English (US)
Pages (from-to)	29-35
Number of pages	7
Journal	Journal of the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society
Volume	12
Issue number	1
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1093/jpids/piac113
State	Published - Feb 9 2023
Externally published	Yes

Keywords

COVID-19 vaccine
adolescent
risk factors

ASJC Scopus subject areas

General Medicine

Access to Document

10.1093/jpids/piac113

Cite this

Sahni, L. C., Price, A. M., Olson, S. M., Newhams, M. M., Pannaraj, P. S., Maddux, A. B., Halasa, N. B., Bline, K. E., Cameron, M. A., Schwartz, S. P., Walker, T. C., Irby, K., Chiotos, K., Nofziger, R. A., Mack, E. H., Smallcomb, L., Bradford, T. T., Kamidani, S., Tarquinio, K. M., ... Boom, J. A. (2023). Factors Associated With COVID-19 Non-vaccination in Adolescents Hospitalized Without COVID-19. Journal of the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society, 12(1), 29-35. https://doi.org/10.1093/jpids/piac113

Sahni, LC, Price, AM, Olson, SM, Newhams, MM, Pannaraj, PS, Maddux, AB, Halasa, NB, Bline, KE, Cameron, MA, Schwartz, SP, Walker, TC, Irby, K, Chiotos, K, Nofziger, RA, Mack, EH, Smallcomb, L, Bradford, TT, Kamidani, S, Tarquinio, KM, Cvijanovich, NZ, Schuster, JE, Bhumbra, SS, Levy, ER, Hobbs, CV, Cullimore, ML, Coates, BM, Heidemann, SM, Gertz, SJ, Kong, M, Flori, HR, Staat, MA, Zinter, MS, Hume, JR, Chatani, BM, Gaspers, MG, Maamari, M, Randolph, AG, Patel, MM & Boom, JA 2023, 'Factors Associated With COVID-19 Non-vaccination in Adolescents Hospitalized Without COVID-19', Journal of the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society, vol. 12, no. 1, pp. 29-35. https://doi.org/10.1093/jpids/piac113

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title = "Factors Associated With COVID-19 Non-vaccination in Adolescents Hospitalized Without COVID-19",

abstract = "BACKGROUND: Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine received emergency use authorization for persons ≥ 16 years in December 2020 and for adolescents 12-15 years in May 2021. Despite the clear benefits and favorable safety profile, vaccine uptake in adolescents has been suboptimal. We sought to assess factors associated with COVID-19 non-vaccination in adolescents 12-18 years of age. METHODS: Between June 1, 2021 and April 29, 2022, we assessed factors associated with COVID-19 non-vaccination in hospitalized adolescents ages 12-18 years enrolled in the Overcoming COVID-19 vaccine effectiveness network. Demographic characteristics and clinical information were captured through parent interviews and/or electronic medical record abstraction; COVID-19 vaccination was assessed through documented sources. We assessed associations between receipt of the COVID-19 vaccine and demographic and clinical factors using univariate and multivariable logistic regression and estimated adjusted odds ratios (aOR) for each factor associated with non-vaccination. RESULTS: Among 1665 hospitalized adolescents without COVID-19, 56% were unvaccinated. Unvaccinated adolescents were younger (median age 15.1 years vs. 15.4 years, p < .01) and resided in areas with higher social vulnerability index (SVI) scores (median 0.6 vs 0.5, p < .001) than vaccinated adolescents. Residence in the Midwest [aOR 2.60 (95% CI: 1.80, 3.79)] or South [aOR 2.49 (95% CI: 1.77, 3.54)] US census regions, rarely or never receiving influenza vaccine [aOR 5.31 (95% CI: 3.81, 7.47)], and rarely or never taking precautions against COVID-19 [aOR 3.17 (95% CI: 1.94, 5.31)] were associated with non-vaccination against COVID-19. CONCLUSIONS: Efforts to increase COVID-19 vaccination of adolescents should focus on persons with geographic, socioeconomic, and medical risk factors associated with non-vaccination.",

keywords = "COVID-19 vaccine, adolescent, risk factors",

author = "Sahni, {Leila C.} and Price, {Ashley M.} and Olson, {Samantha M.} and Newhams, {Margaret M.} and Pannaraj, {Pia S.} and Maddux, {Aline B.} and Halasa, {Natasha B.} and Bline, {Katherine E.} and Cameron, {Melissa A.} and Schwartz, {Stephanie P.} and Walker, {Tracie C.} and Katherine Irby and Kathleen Chiotos and Nofziger, {Ryan A.} and Mack, {Elizabeth H.} and Laura Smallcomb and Bradford, {Tamara T.} and Satoshi Kamidani and Tarquinio, {Keiko M.} and Cvijanovich, {Natalie Z.} and Schuster, {Jennifer E.} and Bhumbra, {Samina S.} and Levy, {Emily R.} and Hobbs, {Charlotte V.} and Cullimore, {Melissa L.} and Coates, {Bria M.} and Heidemann, {Sabrina M.} and Gertz, {Shira J.} and Michele Kong and Flori, {Heidi R.} and Staat, {Mary A.} and Zinter, {Matt S.} and Hume, {Janet R.} and Chatani, {Brandon M.} and Gaspers, {Mary G.} and Mia Maamari and Randolph, {Adrienne G.} and Patel, {Manish M.} and Boom, {Julie A.}",

note = "Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} The Author(s) 2022. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of The Journal of the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com.",

year = "2023",

month = feb,

day = "9",

doi = "10.1093/jpids/piac113",

language = "English (US)",

volume = "12",

pages = "29--35",

journal = "Journal of the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society",

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number = "1",

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TY - JOUR

T1 - Factors Associated With COVID-19 Non-vaccination in Adolescents Hospitalized Without COVID-19

AU - Sahni, Leila C.

AU - Price, Ashley M.

AU - Olson, Samantha M.

AU - Newhams, Margaret M.

AU - Pannaraj, Pia S.

AU - Maddux, Aline B.

AU - Halasa, Natasha B.

AU - Bline, Katherine E.

AU - Cameron, Melissa A.

AU - Schwartz, Stephanie P.

AU - Walker, Tracie C.

AU - Irby, Katherine

AU - Chiotos, Kathleen

AU - Nofziger, Ryan A.

AU - Mack, Elizabeth H.

AU - Smallcomb, Laura

AU - Bradford, Tamara T.

AU - Kamidani, Satoshi

AU - Tarquinio, Keiko M.

AU - Cvijanovich, Natalie Z.

AU - Schuster, Jennifer E.

AU - Bhumbra, Samina S.

AU - Levy, Emily R.

AU - Hobbs, Charlotte V.

AU - Cullimore, Melissa L.

AU - Coates, Bria M.

AU - Heidemann, Sabrina M.

AU - Gertz, Shira J.

AU - Kong, Michele

AU - Flori, Heidi R.

AU - Staat, Mary A.

AU - Zinter, Matt S.

AU - Hume, Janet R.

AU - Chatani, Brandon M.

AU - Gaspers, Mary G.

AU - Maamari, Mia

AU - Randolph, Adrienne G.

AU - Patel, Manish M.

AU - Boom, Julie A.

N1 - Publisher Copyright: © The Author(s) 2022. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of The Journal of the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com.

PY - 2023/2/9

Y1 - 2023/2/9

N2 - BACKGROUND: Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine received emergency use authorization for persons ≥ 16 years in December 2020 and for adolescents 12-15 years in May 2021. Despite the clear benefits and favorable safety profile, vaccine uptake in adolescents has been suboptimal. We sought to assess factors associated with COVID-19 non-vaccination in adolescents 12-18 years of age. METHODS: Between June 1, 2021 and April 29, 2022, we assessed factors associated with COVID-19 non-vaccination in hospitalized adolescents ages 12-18 years enrolled in the Overcoming COVID-19 vaccine effectiveness network. Demographic characteristics and clinical information were captured through parent interviews and/or electronic medical record abstraction; COVID-19 vaccination was assessed through documented sources. We assessed associations between receipt of the COVID-19 vaccine and demographic and clinical factors using univariate and multivariable logistic regression and estimated adjusted odds ratios (aOR) for each factor associated with non-vaccination. RESULTS: Among 1665 hospitalized adolescents without COVID-19, 56% were unvaccinated. Unvaccinated adolescents were younger (median age 15.1 years vs. 15.4 years, p < .01) and resided in areas with higher social vulnerability index (SVI) scores (median 0.6 vs 0.5, p < .001) than vaccinated adolescents. Residence in the Midwest [aOR 2.60 (95% CI: 1.80, 3.79)] or South [aOR 2.49 (95% CI: 1.77, 3.54)] US census regions, rarely or never receiving influenza vaccine [aOR 5.31 (95% CI: 3.81, 7.47)], and rarely or never taking precautions against COVID-19 [aOR 3.17 (95% CI: 1.94, 5.31)] were associated with non-vaccination against COVID-19. CONCLUSIONS: Efforts to increase COVID-19 vaccination of adolescents should focus on persons with geographic, socioeconomic, and medical risk factors associated with non-vaccination.

AB - BACKGROUND: Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine received emergency use authorization for persons ≥ 16 years in December 2020 and for adolescents 12-15 years in May 2021. Despite the clear benefits and favorable safety profile, vaccine uptake in adolescents has been suboptimal. We sought to assess factors associated with COVID-19 non-vaccination in adolescents 12-18 years of age. METHODS: Between June 1, 2021 and April 29, 2022, we assessed factors associated with COVID-19 non-vaccination in hospitalized adolescents ages 12-18 years enrolled in the Overcoming COVID-19 vaccine effectiveness network. Demographic characteristics and clinical information were captured through parent interviews and/or electronic medical record abstraction; COVID-19 vaccination was assessed through documented sources. We assessed associations between receipt of the COVID-19 vaccine and demographic and clinical factors using univariate and multivariable logistic regression and estimated adjusted odds ratios (aOR) for each factor associated with non-vaccination. RESULTS: Among 1665 hospitalized adolescents without COVID-19, 56% were unvaccinated. Unvaccinated adolescents were younger (median age 15.1 years vs. 15.4 years, p < .01) and resided in areas with higher social vulnerability index (SVI) scores (median 0.6 vs 0.5, p < .001) than vaccinated adolescents. Residence in the Midwest [aOR 2.60 (95% CI: 1.80, 3.79)] or South [aOR 2.49 (95% CI: 1.77, 3.54)] US census regions, rarely or never receiving influenza vaccine [aOR 5.31 (95% CI: 3.81, 7.47)], and rarely or never taking precautions against COVID-19 [aOR 3.17 (95% CI: 1.94, 5.31)] were associated with non-vaccination against COVID-19. CONCLUSIONS: Efforts to increase COVID-19 vaccination of adolescents should focus on persons with geographic, socioeconomic, and medical risk factors associated with non-vaccination.

KW - COVID-19 vaccine

KW - adolescent

KW - risk factors

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Factors Associated With COVID-19 Non-vaccination in Adolescents Hospitalized Without COVID-19

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