TY - JOUR
T1 - Estimated US Infection- And Vaccine-Induced SARS-CoV-2 Seroprevalence Based on Blood Donations, July 2020-May 2021
AU - Jones, Jefferson M.
AU - Stone, Mars
AU - Sulaeman, Hasan
AU - Fink, Rebecca V.
AU - Dave, Honey
AU - Levy, Matthew E.
AU - Di Germanio, Clara
AU - Green, Valerie
AU - Notari, Edward
AU - Saa, Paula
AU - Biggerstaff, Brad J.
AU - Strauss, Donna
AU - Kessler, Debra
AU - Vassallo, Ralph
AU - Reik, Rita
AU - Rossmann, Susan
AU - Destree, Mark
AU - Nguyen, Kim Anh
AU - Sayers, Merlyn
AU - Lough, Chris
AU - Bougie, Daniel W.
AU - Ritter, Megan
AU - Latoni, Gerardo
AU - Weales, Billy
AU - Sime, Stacy
AU - Gorlin, Jed
AU - Brown, Nicole E.
AU - Gould, Carolyn V.
AU - Berney, Kevin
AU - Benoit, Tina J.
AU - Miller, Maureen J.
AU - Freeman, Dane
AU - Kartik, Deeksha
AU - Fry, Alicia M.
AU - Azziz-Baumgartner, Eduardo
AU - Hall, Aron J.
AU - Macneil, Adam
AU - Gundlapalli, Adi V.
AU - Basavaraju, Sridhar V.
AU - Gerber, Susan I.
AU - Patton, Monica E.
AU - Custer, Brian
AU - Williamson, Phillip
AU - Simmons, Graham
AU - Thornburg, Natalie J.
AU - Kleinman, Steven
AU - Stramer, Susan L.
AU - Opsomer, Jean
AU - Busch, Michael P.
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2021 American Medical Association. All rights reserved.
PY - 2021/10/12
Y1 - 2021/10/12
N2 - Importance: People who have been infected with or vaccinated against SARS-CoV-2 have reduced risk of subsequent infection, but the proportion of people in the US with SARS-CoV-2 antibodies from infection or vaccination is uncertain. Objective: To estimate trends in SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence related to infection and vaccination in the US population. Design, Setting, and Participants: In a repeated cross-sectional study conducted each month during July 2020 through May 2021, 17 blood collection organizations with blood donations from all 50 US states; Washington, DC; and Puerto Rico were organized into 66 study-specific regions, representing a catchment of 74% of the US population. For each study region, specimens from a median of approximately 2000 blood donors were selected and tested each month; a total of 1594363 specimens were initially selected and tested. The final date of blood donation collection was May 31, 2021. Exposure: Calendar time. Main Outcomes and Measures: Proportion of persons with detectable SARS-CoV-2 spike and nucleocapsid antibodies. Seroprevalence was weighted for demographic differences between the blood donor sample and general population. Infection-induced seroprevalence was defined as the prevalence of the population with both spike and nucleocapsid antibodies. Combined infection- and vaccination-induced seroprevalence was defined as the prevalence of the population with spike antibodies. The seroprevalence estimates were compared with cumulative COVID-19 case report incidence rates. Results: Among 1443519 specimens included, 733052 (50.8%) were from women, 174842 (12.1%) were from persons aged 16 to 29 years, 292258 (20.2%) were from persons aged 65 years and older, 36654 (2.5%) were from non-Hispanic Black persons, and 88773 (6.1%) were from Hispanic persons. The overall infection-induced SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence estimate increased from 3.5% (95% CI, 3.2%-3.8%) in July 2020 to 20.2% (95% CI, 19.9%-20.6%) in May 2021; the combined infection- and vaccination-induced seroprevalence estimate in May 2021 was 83.3% (95% CI, 82.9%-83.7%). By May 2021, 2.1 SARS-CoV-2 infections (95% CI, 2.0-2.1) per reported COVID-19 case were estimated to have occurred. Conclusions and Relevance: Based on a sample of blood donations in the US from July 2020 through May 2021, vaccine- and infection-induced SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence increased over time and varied by age, race and ethnicity, and geographic region. Despite weighting to adjust for demographic differences, these findings from a national sample of blood donors may not be representative of the entire US population..
AB - Importance: People who have been infected with or vaccinated against SARS-CoV-2 have reduced risk of subsequent infection, but the proportion of people in the US with SARS-CoV-2 antibodies from infection or vaccination is uncertain. Objective: To estimate trends in SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence related to infection and vaccination in the US population. Design, Setting, and Participants: In a repeated cross-sectional study conducted each month during July 2020 through May 2021, 17 blood collection organizations with blood donations from all 50 US states; Washington, DC; and Puerto Rico were organized into 66 study-specific regions, representing a catchment of 74% of the US population. For each study region, specimens from a median of approximately 2000 blood donors were selected and tested each month; a total of 1594363 specimens were initially selected and tested. The final date of blood donation collection was May 31, 2021. Exposure: Calendar time. Main Outcomes and Measures: Proportion of persons with detectable SARS-CoV-2 spike and nucleocapsid antibodies. Seroprevalence was weighted for demographic differences between the blood donor sample and general population. Infection-induced seroprevalence was defined as the prevalence of the population with both spike and nucleocapsid antibodies. Combined infection- and vaccination-induced seroprevalence was defined as the prevalence of the population with spike antibodies. The seroprevalence estimates were compared with cumulative COVID-19 case report incidence rates. Results: Among 1443519 specimens included, 733052 (50.8%) were from women, 174842 (12.1%) were from persons aged 16 to 29 years, 292258 (20.2%) were from persons aged 65 years and older, 36654 (2.5%) were from non-Hispanic Black persons, and 88773 (6.1%) were from Hispanic persons. The overall infection-induced SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence estimate increased from 3.5% (95% CI, 3.2%-3.8%) in July 2020 to 20.2% (95% CI, 19.9%-20.6%) in May 2021; the combined infection- and vaccination-induced seroprevalence estimate in May 2021 was 83.3% (95% CI, 82.9%-83.7%). By May 2021, 2.1 SARS-CoV-2 infections (95% CI, 2.0-2.1) per reported COVID-19 case were estimated to have occurred. Conclusions and Relevance: Based on a sample of blood donations in the US from July 2020 through May 2021, vaccine- and infection-induced SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence increased over time and varied by age, race and ethnicity, and geographic region. Despite weighting to adjust for demographic differences, these findings from a national sample of blood donors may not be representative of the entire US population..
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U2 - 10.1001/jama.2021.15161
DO - 10.1001/jama.2021.15161
M3 - Article
C2 - 34473201
AN - SCOPUS:85114418703
SN - 0098-7484
VL - 326
SP - 1400
EP - 1409
JO - JAMA - Journal of the American Medical Association
JF - JAMA - Journal of the American Medical Association
IS - 14
ER -