Abstract
BACKGROUND: Few studies have investigated the epidemiologic features of clinically defined subgroups of anotia/microtia. METHODS: Data on cases of anotia and/or microtia among 1999-2005 deliveries were obtained from the Texas Birth Defects Registry, a population-based active surveillance system. We determined crude and adjusted associations between selected factors and seven clinical subgroups of anotia/ microtia. RESULTS: In total, 742 cases were diagnosed with anotia and/or microtia, corresponding to a prevalence of 2.86 per 10,000 live births. Of those, 45% had no other major birth defect ("isolated"), 77% were unilateral, and 22% bilateral. Anotia alone made up 6%, whereas microtia made up 94%. Birth prevalence was higher with increasing maternal age and among Mexico-born Hispanics. Compared to white mothers, Hispanic mothers were two-to-three times more likely to have infants with all but the syndromic and bilateral groups (adjusted prevalence ratios [aPRs] = 2.05-2.61). Non-Hispanic blacks had significantly lower risk for total anotia/microtia, and for the isolated, unilateral, and microtia subgroups (aPRs = 0.42-0.64). Less educated mothers were three-to-four times more likely to have children with anotia (aPRs = 2.98 for less than high school, 3.97 for high school graduates). Males were more likely to be born with total anotia/microtia and with syndromic, unilateral, and microtia subtypes (aPRs = 1.27-1.41). CONCLUSIONS: In Texas, most anotia/microtia cases were in the unilateral and microtia groups, and 45% were isolated. Several clinical subgroups exhibited higher prevalence in males and among older mothers. Relative to whites, blacks were at lower risk and Hispanics (especially Mexico-born mothers) were at higher risk for selected types of anotia/microtia.
Original language | English (US) |
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Pages (from-to) | 905-913 |
Number of pages | 9 |
Journal | Birth Defects Research Part A - Clinical and Molecular Teratology |
Volume | 85 |
Issue number | 11 |
DOIs | |
State | Published - Nov 2009 |
Keywords
- Anotia
- Birth defect
- Ear
- Epidemiology
- Microtia
- Prevalence
- Risk factor
- Texas
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Pediatrics, Perinatology, and Child Health
- Embryology
- Developmental Biology