@article{a03a4697611c4b2baf004c6e8a89d5c8,
title = "Effect of sevoflurane preconditioning on sleep reintegration after alteration by lipopolysaccharide",
abstract = "Despite extensive evidence on the organ protective effects of sevoflurane, its effect on disturbed sleep remains unclear. We hypothesised that sevoflurane preconditioning positively impacts disturbed sleep caused by systemic inflammation. A prospective, randomised laboratory investigation was conducted in C57BL/6J mice. A mouse model of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced systemic inflammation was employed to investigate the effects of sevoflurane on sleep recovery. Symptom recovery was evaluated through electroencephalography/electromyography (EEG/EMG) and histological studies. The mice were exposed to 2% sevoflurane before and after peritoneal injection of LPS. The EEG and EMG were recorded for 24 h after the procedure. Brain tissue was harvested after the sevoflurane/LPS procedure and was immunostained using individual antibodies against choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) and Fos. The ChAT-positive and ChAT/Fos double-positive cells were analysed quantitatively in the pedunculopontine tegmental nucleus and laterodorsal tegmental nucleus (PPTg/LDTg). Compared with control mice, mice preconditioned with sevoflurane but not post-conditioned showed a significant increase in rapid eye movement (REM) sleep during EEG recording following the LPS challenge. They also demonstrated a shorter REM latency, indicating an early recovery from LPS-altered sleep. The bouts of REM episodes were retained with sevoflurane preconditioning. More ChAT/Fos double-positive cells were observed in the PPTg/LDTg in the sevoflurane preconditioning plus LPS group than in the LPS-only group. Sevoflurane preconditioning promotes recovery from altered sleep induced by systemic inflammation. Activation of PPTg/LDTg is considered a mechanism underlying sleep reintegration. The recovery phenomenon shows potential for clinical application in cases of sleep disturbances induced by systemic inflammation.",
keywords = "electroencephalography, pedunculopontine tegmental nucleus/laterodorsal tegmental nucleus, sevoflurane, sleep, systemic inflammation",
author = "Tsuyoshi Nemoto and Yoko Irukayama-Tomobe and Yuki Hirose and Hiromu Tanaka and Genki Takahashi and Satoshi Takahashi and Masashi Yanagisawa and Takashi Kanbayashi",
note = "Funding Information: This work was supported by a JSPS KAKENHI Grant-in-Aid (C) [grant numbers 19K07314 to YIT and 19 K08037 to TK]; The Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development [grant number JP21zf0127005] to TK; a Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research on Innovative Areas, {\textquoteleft}Willdynamics{\textquoteright} [grant number 17H06049] to YIT; a grant from the World Premier International Research Centre Initiative (WPI), Japan, IIIS; the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology World Premier Japan Society for the Promotion of Science KAKENHI [grant number 17H06095]; the International Research Centre Initiative, CREST [grant number A3A28043]; the Funding Program for World-Leading Innovative R&D on Science and Technology from JSPS; the Uehara Memorial Foundation research grant; and a Takeda Science Foundation research grant to MY. The study sponsors had no role in the study design, collection, analysis, or interpretation of data, writing the report, or the decision to submit the report for publication. We thank Shiro Isono, MD, PhD, Professor at Chiba University, Department of Anesthesiology, Pain and Palliative Care Medicine, Masamitsu Sanui, MD, PhD, Professor at Jichi Medical University Saitama Medical Centre, Department of Anaesthesiology and Critical Care, for reviewing the manuscript. We thank Yu Hayashi, PhD, Professsor Graduate School of Medicine and faculty of Medicine Kyoto University, Kyoto and International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine (WPI-IIIS), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan for discussing our research. We extend our gratitude to Mamoru Suzuki, School of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan and Shuntaro Uchida, MD, PhD, International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine (WPI-IIIS), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan for their technical assistance. We are thankful to Kazushi Maruo, Associate professor at the University of Tsukuba, School of Medicine, Department of Clinical Trial and Clinical Epidemiology for reviewing the statistics. We would also like to thank Editage (www.editage.com) and GoEun Han, International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine (WPI-IIIS), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan for English language editing. Funding Information: This work was supported by a JSPS KAKENHI Grant‐in‐Aid (C) [grant numbers 19K07314 to YIT and 19 K08037 to TK]; The Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development [grant number JP21zf0127005] to TK; a Grant‐in‐Aid for Scientific Research on Innovative Areas, {\textquoteleft}Willdynamics{\textquoteright} [grant number 17H06049] to YIT; a grant from the World Premier International Research Centre Initiative (WPI), Japan, IIIS; the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology World Premier Japan Society for the Promotion of Science KAKENHI [grant number 17H06095]; the International Research Centre Initiative, CREST [grant number A3A28043]; the Funding Program for World‐Leading Innovative R&D on Science and Technology from JSPS; the Uehara Memorial Foundation research grant; and a Takeda Science Foundation research grant to MY. The study sponsors had no role in the study design, collection, analysis, or interpretation of data, writing the report, or the decision to submit the report for publication. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2022 European Sleep Research Society.",
year = "2022",
doi = "10.1111/jsr.13556",
language = "English (US)",
journal = "Journal of Sleep Research",
issn = "0962-1105",
publisher = "Wiley-Blackwell",
}