Daily nicotine patch wear time predicts smoking abstinence in socioeconomically disadvantaged adults: An analysis of ecological momentary assessment data

Introduction Individuals who use the nicotine patch are more likely to quit smoking than those who receive placebo or no medication. However, studies have not yet examined the association between actual daily nicotine patch wear time during the early phase of a smoking cessation attempt and later smoking abstinence. The purpose of this study was to address this gap in the literature. Methods Participants who enrolled in a safety-net hospital smoking cessation program were followed for 13 weeks (i.e., 1 week pre-quit through 12 weeks post-quit). Participants completed in-person assessments and daily ecological momentary assessments on study provided smartphones. Multivariate logistic regressions were used to determine if daily patch wear time during the first week post-quit predicted 7-day biochemically verified point prevalence smoking abstinence 4 and 12 weeks following the scheduled quit date. Demographic characteristics and smoking behaviors were adjusted as covariates. Results Participants (N = 74) were primarily non-White (78.7%) and most (86%) had an annual household income of <$20,000. Greater average hours of daily nicotine patch wear time during the first week post-quit was associated with a greater likelihood of abstinence at the 4 and 12 week post-quit visits (aOR = 2.22, 95% CI:1.17-4.23; aOR = 2.24, 95% CI:1.00-5.03). Furthermore, more days of wearing the patch for ≥19 h was associated with a greater likelihood of abstinence at the 4 and 12 week post-quit visits (aOR = 1.81, 95% CI:1.01-3.22; aOR = 2.18, 95% CI:1.03-4.63). Conclusions Greater adherence to the nicotine patch early in a quit attempt may increase the likelihood of smoking cessation among socioeconomically disadvantaged adults.