@article{56fc7eee594d4d729d383eb4e6e7b255,
title = "Cognitive reactivity, dysfunctional attitudes, and depressive relapse and recurrence in cognitive therapy responders",
abstract = "Dysfunctional attitudes can foreshadow depressive relapse/recurrence. Priming mood, through induction paradigms, is hypothesized to activate dysfunctional attitudes. Cognitive reactivity (CR) refers to mood-linked increases in dysfunctional attitudes after priming. Here we explored the extent to which CR as well as residual, unprimed, dysfunctional attitudes predicted depressive relapse/recurrence among depressed patients who responded to acute phase cognitive therapy (CT). Consenting adults, aged 18-70, with recurrent major depressive disorder (n = 523) participated in a two-site randomized controlled trial examining the durability of continuation phase treatments. Patients received 16-20 sessions of CT. Among the 245 incompletely remitted responders, 213 agreed to undergo a mood induction paradigm. After 8 months of continuation phase treatments, participants were followed an additional 24 months. Although the mood induction significantly lowered mood in 80% of responders, the expected CR was not evident. By contrast, higher unprimed dysfunctional attitudes following CT did predict relapse/recurrence over 20 and 32 months post-randomization. The findings of this large longitudinal study of incompletely remitted CT responders challenge the notion that it is necessary to prime mood in order to maximize dysfunctional attitudes' prediction of relapse and/or recurrence. While findings cannot be generalized beyond CT responders, they emphasize the clinical importance of reducing dysfunctional attitudes in preventing depression.",
keywords = "Cognitive reactivity, Cognitive therapy, Depression, Dysfunctional attitudes, Mood induction",
author = "Jarrett, {Robin B.} and Abu Minhajuddin and Borman, {Patricia D.} and Lauren Dunlap and Segal, {Zindel V.} and Kidner, {Cindy L.} and Friedman, {Edward S.} and Thase, {Michael E.}",
note = "Funding Information: Dr. Thase has served as a consultant to and was a member of various advisory boards for Eli Lilly and Company and received honoraria for talks sponsored by this company, which provided medication and matched placebo for use in a later phase of this research project. In addition to Eli Lilly and Company, during the past 2 years Dr. Thase has consulted with, served on advisory boards for, or received honoraria for talks from: Aldolor, Alkermes, AstraZeneca, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Dey, Forest Laboratories, GlaxoSmithKline, Janssen Pharmaceutica, Lundbeck, MedAvante, Inc., Merck, Neuronetics, Inc., Otsuka, PamLab, Pfizer Pharmaceuticals, PGx (now Forest), PharmaNeuroboost, Rexahn, Schering-Plough (now Merck), Shire US Inc., Supernus Pharmaceuticals, Transcept Pharmaceuticals, and Wyeth Pharmaceuticals (now Pfizer). During the past 2 years, he has received grant support from Eli Lilly and Company, Forest, GlaxoSmithKline, Otsuka, and Rexahn, in addition to funding from the National Institute of Mental Health and the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality. He has equity holdings for MedAvante, Inc. and has received royalties from American Psychiatric Publishing, Inc. (APPI), Guilford Publications, Herald House, and W.W. Norton & Company, Inc. One book currently promoted by the APPI specifically pertains to cognitive therapy. Dr. Thase also discloses that his spouse is an employee of Embryon, Inc (formerly Advogent and Cardinal Health), which does business with several pharmaceutical companies that market medications used to treat depression. Funding Information: Dr. Friedman has been a member of speaker bureaus or advisory boards for: AstraZeneca, Eli Lilly, GlaxoSmithKline, Pfizer, and Wyeth-Ayerst. Over the past five years, Dr. Friedman has received grant or research support from the following companies: Aspect Medical Systems, Indevus, AstraZeneca, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Pfizer, Sanofi-Aventis, Wyeth-Ayerst, Cyberonics, Novartis, NorthStar, and Medtronics. ",
year = "2012",
month = may,
doi = "10.1016/j.brat.2012.01.008",
language = "English (US)",
volume = "50",
pages = "280--286",
journal = "Behaviour Research and Therapy",
issn = "0005-7967",
publisher = "Elsevier Limited",
number = "5",
}