@article{64b7436bf38a4c219597d66cc70f0f01,
title = "Clustering autism: Using neuroanatomical differences in 26 mouse models to gain insight into the heterogeneity",
abstract = "Autism is a heritable disorder, with over 250 associated genes identified to date, yet no single gene accounts for >1-2% of cases. The clinical presentation, behavioural symptoms, imaging and histopathology findings are strikingly heterogeneous. A more complete understanding of autism can be obtained by examining multiple genetic or behavioural mouse models of autism using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-based neuroanatomical phenotyping. Twenty-six different mouse models were examined and the consistently found abnormal brain regions across models were parieto-temporal lobe, cerebellar cortex, frontal lobe, hypothalamus and striatum. These models separated into three distinct clusters, two of which can be linked to the under and over-connectivity found in autism. These clusters also identified previously unknown connections between Nrxn1α, En2 and Fmr1; Nlgn3, BTBR and Slc6A4; and also between X monosomy and Mecp2. With no single treatment for autism found, clustering autism using neuroanatomy and identifying these strong connections may prove to be a crucial step in predicting treatment response.",
author = "J. Ellegood and E. Anagnostou and Babineau, {B. A.} and Crawley, {J. N.} and L. Lin and M. Genestine and E. Dicicco-Bloom and Lai, {J. K Y} and Foster, {J. A.} and O. Pe{\~n}agarikano and Geschwind, {D. H.} and Pacey, {L. K.} and Hampson, {D. R.} and Lalibert{\'e}, {C. L.} and Mills, {A. A.} and E. Tam and Osborne, {L. R.} and M. Kouser and F. Espinosa-Becerra and Z. Xuan and Powell, {C. M.} and A. Raznahan and Robins, {D. M.} and N. Nakai and J. Nakatani and T. Takumi and {Van Eede}, {M. C.} and Kerr, {T. M.} and C. Muller and Blakely, {R. D.} and {Veenstra-Vander Weele}, J. and Henkelman, {R. M.} and Lerch, {J. P.}",
note = "Funding Information: EA has received consultation fees from Novartis and Seaside therapeutics, and has an unrestricted grant from Sanofi Canada. JV-VW receives research funding from Seaside Therapeutics, Novartis, Roche Pharmaceuticals, Forest, Sunovion and SynapDx and sits on the advisory board for Novartis and Roche Pharmaceuticals. The remaining authors declare no conflict of interest. Funding Information: This work was primarily funded by the Canadian Institute for Health Research (CIHR) and the Ontario Brain Institute (OBI). JE received salary support from the Ontario Mental Health Foundation (OHMF) and RMH holds a Canada Research Chair. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2015 Macmillan Publishers Limited All rights reserved 1359-4184/15.",
year = "2015",
month = feb,
day = "5",
doi = "10.1038/mp.2014.98",
language = "English (US)",
volume = "20",
pages = "118--125",
journal = "Molecular psychiatry",
issn = "1359-4184",
publisher = "Nature Publishing Group",
number = "1",
}