@article{a3f597f9a253467c90d325c9e65ca00e,
title = "Closed-loop neuromodulation restores network connectivity and motor control after spinal cord injury",
abstract = "Recovery from serious neurological injury requires substantial rewiring of neural circuits. Precisely-timed electrical stimulation could be used to restore corrective feedback mechanisms and promote adaptive plasticity after neurological insult, such as spinal cord injury (SCI) or stroke. This study provides the first evidence that closed-loop vagus nerve stimulation (CLV) based on the synaptic eligibility trace leads to dramatic recovery from the most common forms of SCI. The addition of CLV to rehabilitation promoted substantially more recovery of forelimb function compared to rehabilitation alone following chronic unilateral or bilateral cervical SCI in a rat model. Triggering stimulation on the most successful movements is critical to maximize recovery. CLV enhances recovery by strengthening synaptic connectivity from remaining motor networks to the grasping muscles in the forelimb. The benefits of CLV persist long after the end of stimulation because connectivity in critical neural circuits has been restored.",
author = "Ganzer, {Patrick D.} and Darrow, {Michael J.} and Meyers, {Eric C.} and Solorzano, {Bleyda R.} and Ruiz, {Andrea D.} and Robertson, {Nicole M.} and Adcock, {Katherine S.} and James, {Justin T.} and Jeong, {Han S.} and Becker, {April M.} and Goldberg, {Mark P.} and Pruitt, {David T.} and Hays, {Seth A.} and Kilgard, {Michael P.} and Rennaker, {Robert L.}",
note = "Funding Information: We would like to thank Kim Rahebi, Abby Berry, Nikki Simmons, Preston D'Souza, Sanketh Kichena, Reshma Maliakkal, Ivan Rahman, Ami Shah, Kha Ai Hua, Luz Barron Horta, Zainab Haider, and Mian Bilal for technical assistance, and Michael Lane and Wayne Gluf for critical discussion, and Sven Vanneste for assistance with statistics. PRV was a generous gift from Lynn Enquist. This work was supported by the WW Caruth, Jr. Foundation; NIH R01NS085167 and R01NS094384; Wings for Life Foundation; and by the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) Biological Technologies Office (BTO) Electrical Prescriptions (ElectRx) program under the auspices of Dr. Eric Van Gie-son through the Space and Naval Warfare Systems Center, Pacific Cooperative Agreement No. N66001-15-2-4057 and the DARPA BTO Targeted Neuroplasticity Training (TNT) program under the auspices of Dr. Tristan McClure-Begley through the Space and Naval Warfare Systems Center, Pacific Grant/Contract No. N66001-17-2-4011. Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency N66001-15-2-4057 Seth A Hays Michael P Kilgard Robert L Rennaker II National Institutes of Health R01NS085167 April M Becker Wings for Life Michael P Kilgard W. W. Caruth Foundation Seth A Hays Michael P Kilgard Robert L Rennaker II National Institutes of Health R01NS094384 Seth A Hays Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency N66001-17-2-4011 Seth A Hays Michael P Kilgard Robert L Rennaker II The funders had no role in study design, data collection and interpretation, or the decision to submit the work for publication. Funding Information: We would like to thank Kim Rahebi, Abby Berry, Nikki Simmons, Preston D{\textquoteright}Souza, Sanketh Kichena, Reshma Maliakkal, Ivan Rahman, Ami Shah, Kha Ai Hua, Luz Barron Horta, Zainab Haider, and Mian Bilal for technical assistance, and Michael Lane and Wayne Gluf for critical discussion, and Sven Vanneste for assistance with statistics. PRV was a generous gift from Lynn Enquist. This work was supported by the WW Caruth, Jr. Foundation; NIH R01NS085167 and R01NS094384; Wings for Life Foundation; and by the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) Biological Technologies Office (BTO) Electrical Prescriptions (ElectRx) program under the auspices of Dr. Eric Van Gie-son through the Space and Naval Warfare Systems Center, Pacific Cooperative Agreement No. N66001-15-2-4057 and the DARPA BTO Targeted Neuroplasticity Training (TNT) program under the auspices of Dr. Tristan McClure-Begley through the Space and Naval Warfare Systems Center, Pacific Grant/Contract No. N66001-17-2-4011. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} Ganzer et al.",
year = "2018",
month = mar,
day = "13",
doi = "10.7554/eLife.32058",
language = "English (US)",
volume = "7",
journal = "eLife",
issn = "2050-084X",
publisher = "eLife Sciences Publications",
}