Clinical applications of Gallium-68

Gallium-68 is a positron-emitting radioisotope that is produced from a ⁶⁸Ge/⁶⁸Ga generator. As such it is conveniently used, decoupling radiopharmacies from the need for a cyclotron on site. Gallium-68-labeled peptides have been recognized as a new class of radiopharmaceuticals showing fast target localization and blood clearance. ⁶⁸Ga-DOTATOC, ⁸Ga-DOTATATE, ⁶⁸Ga-DOTANOC, are the most prominent radiopharmaceuticals currently in use for imaging and differentiating lesions of various somatostatin receptor subtypes, overexpressed in many neuroendocrine tumors. There has been a tremendous increase in the number of clinical studies with ⁶⁸Ga over the past few years around the world, including within the United States. An estimated ~10,000 scans are being performed yearly in Europe at about 100 centers utilizing ⁶⁸Ga-labeled somatostatin analogs within clinical trials. Two academic sites within the US have also begun to undertake human studies. This review will focus on the clinical experience of selected, well-established and recently applied ⁶⁸Ga-labeled imaging agents used in nuclear medicine.