Changing concepts in the diagnosis and management of blepharitis

Purpose. Chronic blepharitis is one of the most common conditions seen in the ophthalmologist's office; but, it is difficult to treat effectively. Nevertheless, much progress has been made over the last quarter century, not only in diagnosis but also in treatment of blepharitis. Methods. Perhaps the most important progress has been made as the result of extensive and detailed clinical evaluations of patients, sometimes over extended periods of time with diverse patient populations. Results. The availability of sophisticated instrumentation and laboratory techniques, as well as an array of antibiotics, has enhanced the whole picture for effective blepharitis treatment. Conclusion. Although much progress has been made, it is important to build on the present understanding. Most important is the continued development of targeted treatment protocols that address specific signs, as is now possible with microbial abnormalities. Progress in the understanding and treatment of relevant inflammatory processes will benefit from continuing biomedical discoveries.