Bladder neck closure: Male and female

Bladder neck closure (BNC) is an uncommon procedure which was initially fraught with a high failure rate, but patient selection and technical refinements have allowed some authors to achieve a high success rate.1 This chapter focuses on the techniques of both abdominal and vaginal bladder neck closure in the female and abdominal bladder neck closure in the male with emphasis on the technical principles necessary to achieve both successful and durable results.