Association of antenatal steroids with neonatal mortality and morbidity in preterm infants born to mothers with diabetes mellitus and hypertension

Background: Randomized trials of antenatal steroids (ANS) included women at 24–33 weeks gestational age (GA); however, few women had preeclampsia and women with diabetes mellitus (DM) were excluded. Methods: Cohort study including preterm births at 23^0/7–28^6/7 weeks GA before (Epoch-1) and after (Epoch-2) expansion of ANS administration to women with DM and hypertensive disorders (HTN). We compared Group-A (neither DM nor HTN) and Group-B (DM and/or HTN). Results: Among 747 neonates the adjusted odds ratio (aOR) for surfactant administration, in-hospital mortality, severe intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) and death or severe IVH were lower in ANS-exposed neonates than unexposed neonates. In Group-B, ANS administration was independently associated with less severe IVH and less death or severe IVH, but not less surfactant use or mortality. Conclusions: Increased ANS administration in women with DM and/or HTN was independently associated with less severe IVH and less death or severe IVH but without decrease in surfactant administration.