@article{307e39b7666a48ae9a2813a22019910a,
title = "Apolipoprotein B discordance with low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and non–high-density lipoprotein cholesterol in relation to coronary artery calcification in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA)",
abstract = "Background: Discordant levels of apolipoprotein B (apo B) relative to low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) or non–high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (non-HDL-C) may be associated with subclinical atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). Objective: The present study investigated whether discordance between apo B and LDL-C or non-HDL-C levels was associated with subclinical ASCVD measured by coronary artery calcium (CAC). Methods: This study was conducted in a subpopulation of the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA) cohort, aged 45 to 84 years, free of ASCVD, and not taking lipid-lowering medications at the baseline (2000–2002) (prevalence analytic N = 4623; incidence analytic N = 2216; progression analytic N = 3947). Apo B discordance relative to LDL-C and non-HDL-C was defined using residuals and percentile rankings (>5/10/15 percentile). Associations with prevalent and incident CAC (CAC > 0 vs CAC = 0) were assessed using prevalence ratio/relative risk regression and CAC progression (absolute increase/year) using multinomial logistic regression. Results: Higher apo B levels were associated with CAC prevalence, incidence, and progression. Apo B discordance relative to LDL-C or non-HDL-C was inconsistently associated with CAC prevalence and progression. Discordantly high apo B relative to LDL-C and non-HDL-C was associated with CAC progression. Associations for apo B discordance with non-HDL-C remained after further adjustment for metabolic syndrome components. Conclusion: Apo B was associated with CAC among adults aged ≥45 years not taking statins, but provided only modest additional predictive value of apo B for CAC prevalence, incidence, or progression beyond LDL-C or non-HDL-C. Apo B discordance may still be important for ASCVD risk assessment and further research is needed to confirm findings.",
keywords = "Apolipoprotein B, Coronary artery calcium, Discordance, Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, Non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol",
author = "Jing Cao and Nomura, {Sarah O.} and Steffen, {Brian T.} and Weihua Guan and Remaley, {Alan T.} and Karger, {Amy B.} and Pamela Ouyang and Michos, {Erin D.} and Tsai, {Michael Y.}",
note = "Funding Information: The authors thank the other investigators, the staff, and the participants of the MESA study for their valuable contributions. A full list of participating MESA investigators and institutions can be found at http://www.mesa-nhlbi.org/ . This research was supported by contracts HHSN268201500003I, N01-HC-95159, N01-HC-95160, N01-HC-95161, N01-HC-95162, N01-HC-95163, N01-HC-95164, N01-HC-95165, N01-HC-95166, N01-HC-95167, N01-HC-95168, and N01-HC-95169 from the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute and by grants UL1-TR-000040 and UL1-TR-001079 from NCRR . The views expressed in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute; the National Institutes of Health; or the US Department of Health and Human Services. Authors' contributions: Jing Cao, Sarah O. Nomura, Brian T. Steffen, Weihua Guan, and Michael Y. Tsai contributed to study design, data analysis, and manuscript writing. Alan T. Remaley, Amy B. Karger, Pamela Ouyang, and Erin D. Michos contributed to manuscript writing. Funding Information: The authors thank the other investigators, the staff, and the participants of the MESA study for their valuable contributions. A full list of participating MESA investigators and institutions can be found at http://www.mesa-nhlbi.org/. This research was supported by contracts HHSN268201500003I, N01-HC-95159, N01-HC-95160, N01-HC-95161, N01-HC-95162, N01-HC-95163, N01-HC-95164, N01-HC-95165, N01-HC-95166, N01-HC-95167, N01-HC-95168, and N01-HC-95169 from the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute and by grants UL1-TR-000040 and UL1-TR-001079 from NCRR. The views expressed in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute; the National Institutes of Health; or the US Department of Health and Human Services. Authors' contributions: Jing Cao, Sarah O. Nomura, Brian T. Steffen, Weihua Guan, and Michael Y. Tsai contributed to study design, data analysis, and manuscript writing. Alan T. Remaley, Amy B. Karger, Pamela Ouyang, and Erin D. Michos contributed to manuscript writing. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2020 National Lipid Association",
year = "2020",
month = jan,
day = "1",
doi = "10.1016/j.jacl.2019.11.005",
language = "English (US)",
volume = "14",
pages = "109--121.e5",
journal = "Journal of Clinical Lipidology",
issn = "1933-2874",
publisher = "Elsevier BV",
number = "1",
}