Anemia

Maternal anemia is common and has been associated with adverse maternal and neonatal outcomes. This chapter reviews the more common causes of anemia and the diagnostic workup. There is an examination of available treatment options and their respective risks and benefits, with an emphasis on iron deficiency anemia, which is the most common cause of antenatal maternal anemia. A comprehensive review of all causes of anemia may be intimidating for the general obstetrician and impractical in the case of obstetric populations consisting mainly of healthy young women. The current chapter reviews more common causes of anemia and a recommended initial evaluation of maternal anemia during pregnancy, which will allow the identification and appropriate therapy of the majority of cases encountered in a pregnant population. Patients who do not meet the described diagnostic criteria should be referred to a hematologist for further evaluation and management.