TY - CHAP
T1 - A Structural Perspective on Gene Repression by Polycomb Repressive Complex 2
AU - Liu, Xin
N1 - Funding Information:
Acknowledgements I thank members of the Liu laboratory for critical reading of this book chapter. This work was supported by Welch Foundation research grant I-1790 and NIH grants GM121662 and GM136308. X.L. is a W. W. Caruth, Jr. Scholar in Biomedical Research at UT Southwestern Medical Center.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2021, Springer Nature Switzerland AG.
PY - 2021
Y1 - 2021
N2 - Polycomb Repressive Complex 2 (PRC2) is a major repressive chromatin complex formed by the Polycomb Group (PcG) proteins. PRC2 mediates trimethylation of histone H3 lysine 27 (H3K27me3), a hallmark of gene silencing. PRC2 is a key regulator of development, impacting many fundamental biological processes, like stem cell differentiation in mammals and vernalization in plants. Misregulation of PRC2 function is linked to a variety of human cancers and developmental disorders. In correlation with its diverse roles in development, PRC2 displays a high degree of compositional complexity and plasticity. Structural biology research over the past decade has shed light on the molecular mechanisms of the assembly, catalysis, allosteric activation, autoinhibition, chemical inhibition, dimerization and chromatin targeting of various developmentally regulated PRC2 complexes. In addition to these aspects, structure-function analysis is also discussed in connection with disease data in this chapter.
AB - Polycomb Repressive Complex 2 (PRC2) is a major repressive chromatin complex formed by the Polycomb Group (PcG) proteins. PRC2 mediates trimethylation of histone H3 lysine 27 (H3K27me3), a hallmark of gene silencing. PRC2 is a key regulator of development, impacting many fundamental biological processes, like stem cell differentiation in mammals and vernalization in plants. Misregulation of PRC2 function is linked to a variety of human cancers and developmental disorders. In correlation with its diverse roles in development, PRC2 displays a high degree of compositional complexity and plasticity. Structural biology research over the past decade has shed light on the molecular mechanisms of the assembly, catalysis, allosteric activation, autoinhibition, chemical inhibition, dimerization and chromatin targeting of various developmentally regulated PRC2 complexes. In addition to these aspects, structure-function analysis is also discussed in connection with disease data in this chapter.
KW - Chromatin
KW - Epigenetics
KW - Gene repression
KW - Histone methylation
KW - Polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2)
KW - Structural biology
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U2 - 10.1007/978-3-030-58971-4_17
DO - 10.1007/978-3-030-58971-4_17
M3 - Chapter
C2 - 33252743
AN - SCOPUS:85097004432
T3 - Subcellular Biochemistry
SP - 519
EP - 562
BT - Subcellular Biochemistry
PB - Springer Science and Business Media B.V.
ER -