TY - JOUR
T1 - A modified standard American diet induces physiological parameters associated with metabolic syndrome in C57BL/6J mice
AU - Chehade, Sophie B.
AU - Green, George B.H.
AU - Graham, Christopher D.
AU - Chakraborti, Ayanabha
AU - Vashai, Bijal
AU - Moon, Amber
AU - Williams, Michael B.
AU - Vickers, Benjamin
AU - Berryhill, Taylor
AU - Van Der Pol, William
AU - Wilson, Landon
AU - Powell, Mickie L.
AU - Smith, Daniel L.
AU - Barnes, Stephen
AU - Morrow, Casey
AU - Mukhtar, M. Shahid
AU - Kennedy, Gregory D.
AU - Bibb, James A.
AU - Watts, Stephen A.
N1 - Funding Information:
This research was supported by the UAB Diabetes Research Center (NIH P30 DK079626), the National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NIH UL1TR001417), and the UAB Nutrition and Obesity Research Center Lab Animal Nutrition Core [(P30DK056336), NIH MH079710, and NIH MH116896].
Funding Information:
We thank the UAB Diabetes Research Center (NIH P30 DK079626) for providing pilot grant funding, the UAB Small Animal Phenotyping Core for body composition and indirect calorimetry measures, and the UAB Microbiome Institutional Research Core for microbiome analysis. The National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, (NIH) is acknowledged for Bioinformatics support. This work is also supported by the UAB Nutrition and Obesity Research Center, the Lab Animal Nutrition Core (P30DK056336).
Publisher Copyright:
Copyright © 2022 Chehade, Green, Graham, Chakraborti, Vashai, Moon, Williams, Vickers, Berryhill, Van Der Pol, Wilson, Powell, Smith, Barnes, Morrow, Mukhtar, Kennedy, Bibb and Watts.
PY - 2022/8/29
Y1 - 2022/8/29
N2 - Investigations into the causative role that western dietary patterns have on obesity and disease pathogenesis have speculated that quality and quantity of dietary fats and/or carbohydrates have a predictive role in the development of these disorders. Standard reference diets such as the AIN-93 rodent diet have historically been used to promote animal health and reduce variation of results across experiments, rather than model modern human dietary habits or nutrition-related pathologies. In rodents high-fat diets (HFDs) became a classic tool to investigate diet-induced obesity (DIO). These murine diets often relied on a single fat source with the most DIO consistent HFDs containing levels of fat up to 45-60% (kcal), higher than the reported human intake of 33–35% (kcal). More recently, researchers are formulating experimental animal (pre-clinical) diets that reflect mean human macro- and micronutrient consumption levels described by the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). These diets attempt to integrate relevant ingredient sources and levels of nutrients; however, they most often fail to include high-fructose corn syrup (HFCS) as a source of dietary carbohydrate. We have formulated a modified Standard American Diet (mSAD) that incorporates relevant levels and sources of nutrient classes, including dietary HFCS, to assess the basal physiologies associated with mSAD consumption. Mice proffered the mSAD for 15 weeks displayed a phenotype consistent with metabolic syndrome, exhibiting increased adiposity, fasting hyperglycemia with impaired glucose and insulin tolerance. Metabolic alterations were evidenced at the tissue level as crown-like structures (CLS) in adipose tissue and fatty acid deposition in the liver, and targeted 16S rRNA metagenomics revealed microbial compositional shifts between dietary groups. This study suggests diet quality significantly affects metabolic homeostasis, emphasizing the importance of developing relevant pre-clinical diets to investigate chronic diseases highly impacted by western dietary consumption patterns.
AB - Investigations into the causative role that western dietary patterns have on obesity and disease pathogenesis have speculated that quality and quantity of dietary fats and/or carbohydrates have a predictive role in the development of these disorders. Standard reference diets such as the AIN-93 rodent diet have historically been used to promote animal health and reduce variation of results across experiments, rather than model modern human dietary habits or nutrition-related pathologies. In rodents high-fat diets (HFDs) became a classic tool to investigate diet-induced obesity (DIO). These murine diets often relied on a single fat source with the most DIO consistent HFDs containing levels of fat up to 45-60% (kcal), higher than the reported human intake of 33–35% (kcal). More recently, researchers are formulating experimental animal (pre-clinical) diets that reflect mean human macro- and micronutrient consumption levels described by the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). These diets attempt to integrate relevant ingredient sources and levels of nutrients; however, they most often fail to include high-fructose corn syrup (HFCS) as a source of dietary carbohydrate. We have formulated a modified Standard American Diet (mSAD) that incorporates relevant levels and sources of nutrient classes, including dietary HFCS, to assess the basal physiologies associated with mSAD consumption. Mice proffered the mSAD for 15 weeks displayed a phenotype consistent with metabolic syndrome, exhibiting increased adiposity, fasting hyperglycemia with impaired glucose and insulin tolerance. Metabolic alterations were evidenced at the tissue level as crown-like structures (CLS) in adipose tissue and fatty acid deposition in the liver, and targeted 16S rRNA metagenomics revealed microbial compositional shifts between dietary groups. This study suggests diet quality significantly affects metabolic homeostasis, emphasizing the importance of developing relevant pre-clinical diets to investigate chronic diseases highly impacted by western dietary consumption patterns.
KW - Western Diet
KW - high fat diet
KW - high fructose corn syrup
KW - metabolic syndrome
KW - obesity
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UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=85138031204&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.3389/fnut.2022.929446
DO - 10.3389/fnut.2022.929446
M3 - Article
C2 - 36105576
AN - SCOPUS:85138031204
SN - 2296-861X
VL - 9
JO - Frontiers in Nutrition
JF - Frontiers in Nutrition
M1 - 929446
ER -