Vyšetření srdce a velkých cév magnetickou rezonancí-Přehled metod a nové perspektivy

Early cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMR) scans were of inferior quality. A significant improvement in image quality was achieved after introducing the segmented acquisition of the k-space synchronized with patients ECG, performed either in breath hold or free breathing. CMR is now used widely in the clinical setting for assessment of cardiac chamber volumes, global and regional cardiac contraction, morphology and tissue characterization. Inflammatory or post-myocardial infarction changes involve sequences which can appreciate myocardial edema or the use of late post-gadolinium contrast enhancement (LGE) to visualise diffuse or focal scar. Other applications include the assessment of valvular stenosis or regurgitation by means of flow measurement through a defined orifice and first pass myocardial perfusion to assess ischemia. Last but not least, CMR is increasingly used for the assessment of congenital heart diseases, in which CMR offers objective and directly comparable measures during serial examinations, without any radiation exposure.