TY - JOUR
T1 - Use of needle-free injection systems to alleviate needle phobia and pain at injection
AU - Szmuk, Peter
AU - Szmuk, Eleonora
AU - Ezri, Tiberiu
PY - 2005/8/1
Y1 - 2005/8/1
N2 - Needle phobia affects at least 10% of the general population. Subcutaneous injections are used for many reasons, including immunizations, administration of medications such as insulin and heparin, and to provide local anesthesia, both for surgery and for intravenous cannulation. Whatever the reason for its application, the injection itself may cause discomfort and/or pain. In children, in patients with needle phobia, in those who require frequent intravenous cannulations, or in those who need daily medication, the pain at injection can reach unbearable intensity that could lead to refusal of medical care. Various approaches are employed to alleviate the pain caused by intravenous cannulation. These include the use of topical analgesia (i.e., EMLA, Ametop™ (tetracaine), Numby Stuff and ethylchloridespray), skin infiltration with lidocaine using 25-30-gauge needles and let injectors. This article will review the complex topic of needle phobia and needle pain, and will summarize the currently available alternatives and the new developments intended to reduce the intensity of injection pain.
AB - Needle phobia affects at least 10% of the general population. Subcutaneous injections are used for many reasons, including immunizations, administration of medications such as insulin and heparin, and to provide local anesthesia, both for surgery and for intravenous cannulation. Whatever the reason for its application, the injection itself may cause discomfort and/or pain. In children, in patients with needle phobia, in those who require frequent intravenous cannulations, or in those who need daily medication, the pain at injection can reach unbearable intensity that could lead to refusal of medical care. Various approaches are employed to alleviate the pain caused by intravenous cannulation. These include the use of topical analgesia (i.e., EMLA, Ametop™ (tetracaine), Numby Stuff and ethylchloridespray), skin infiltration with lidocaine using 25-30-gauge needles and let injectors. This article will review the complex topic of needle phobia and needle pain, and will summarize the currently available alternatives and the new developments intended to reduce the intensity of injection pain.
KW - Ametop™ (tetracaine) gel
KW - EMLA
KW - J-Tip
KW - Jet injector
KW - Needle
KW - Needle pain
KW - Needle phobia
KW - Numby Stuff
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U2 - 10.1586/14737167.5.4.467
DO - 10.1586/14737167.5.4.467
M3 - Review article
C2 - 19807264
AN - SCOPUS:24744459070
SN - 1473-7167
VL - 5
SP - 467
EP - 477
JO - Expert Review of Pharmacoeconomics and Outcomes Research
JF - Expert Review of Pharmacoeconomics and Outcomes Research
IS - 4
ER -