TY - JOUR
T1 - Use of Lipid-, Blood Pressure-, and Glucose-Lowering Pharmacotherapy in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes and Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease
AU - Nelson, Adam J.
AU - O'Brien, Emily C.
AU - Kaltenbach, Lisa A.
AU - Green, Jennifer B.
AU - Lopes, Renato D.
AU - Morse, Caryn G.
AU - Al-Khalidi, Hussein R.
AU - Aroda, Vanita R.
AU - Cavender, Matthew A.
AU - Gaynor, Tanya
AU - Kirk, Julienne K.
AU - Lingvay, Ildiko
AU - Magwire, Melissa L.
AU - McGuire, Darren K.
AU - Pak, Jonathan
AU - Pop-Busui, Rodica
AU - Richardson, Caroline R.
AU - Senyucel, Cagri
AU - Kelsey, Michelle D.
AU - Pagidipati, Neha J.
AU - Granger, Christopher B.
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2022 Georg Thieme Verlag. All rights reserved.
PY - 2022/2/17
Y1 - 2022/2/17
N2 - Importance: Based on contemporary estimates in the US, evidence-based therapies for cardiovascular risk reduction are generally underused among patients with type 2 diabetes and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). Objective: To determine the use of evidence-based cardiovascular preventive therapies in a broad US population with diabetes and ASCVD. Design, Setting, and Participants: This multicenter cohort study used health system-level aggregated data within the National Patient-Centered Clinical Research Network, including 12 health systems. Participants included patients with diabetes and established ASCVD (ie, coronary artery disease, cerebrovascular disease, and peripheral artery disease) between January 1 and December 31, 2018. Data were analyzed from September 2020 until January 2021. Exposures: One or more health care encounters in 2018. Main Outcomes and Measures: Patient characteristics by prescription of any of the following key evidence-based therapies: high-intensity statin, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEI) or angiotensin-receptor blocker (ARB) and sodium glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT2I) or glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist (GLP-1RA). Results: The overall cohort included 324706 patients, with a mean (SD) age of 68.1 (12.2) years and 144169 (44.4%) women and 180537 (55.6%) men. A total of 59124 patients (18.2%) were Black, and 41470 patients (12.8%) were Latinx. Among 205885 patients with specialized visit data from the prior year, 17971 patients (8.7%) visited an endocrinologist, 54330 patients (26.4%) visited a cardiologist, and 154078 patients (74.8%) visited a primary care physician. Overall, 190277 patients (58.6%) were prescribed a statin, but only 88426 patients (26.8%) were prescribed a high-intensity statin; 147762 patients (45.5%) were prescribed an ACEI or ARB, 12724 patients (3.9%) were prescribed a GLP-1RA, and 8989 patients (2.8%) were prescribed an SGLT2I. Overall, 14918 patients (4.6%) were prescribed all 3 classes of therapies, and 138173 patients (42.6%) were prescribed none. Patients who were prescribed a high-intensity statin were more likely to be men (59.9% [95% CI, 59.6%-60.3%] of patients vs 55.6% [95% CI, 55.4%-55.8%] of patients), have coronary atherosclerotic disease (79.9% [95% CI, 79.7%-80.2%] of patients vs 73.0% [95% CI, 72.8%-73.3%] of patients) and more likely to have seen a cardiologist (40.0% [95% CI, 39.6%-40.4%] of patients vs 26.4% [95% CI, 26.2%-26.6%] of patients). Conclusions and Relevance: In this large cohort of US patients with diabetes and ASCVD, fewer than 1 in 20 patients were prescribed all 3 evidence-based therapies, defined as a high-intensity statin, either an ACEI or ARB, and either an SGLT2I and/or a GLP-1RA. These findings suggest that multifaceted interventions are needed to overcome barriers to the implementation of evidence-based therapies and facilitate their optimal use..
AB - Importance: Based on contemporary estimates in the US, evidence-based therapies for cardiovascular risk reduction are generally underused among patients with type 2 diabetes and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). Objective: To determine the use of evidence-based cardiovascular preventive therapies in a broad US population with diabetes and ASCVD. Design, Setting, and Participants: This multicenter cohort study used health system-level aggregated data within the National Patient-Centered Clinical Research Network, including 12 health systems. Participants included patients with diabetes and established ASCVD (ie, coronary artery disease, cerebrovascular disease, and peripheral artery disease) between January 1 and December 31, 2018. Data were analyzed from September 2020 until January 2021. Exposures: One or more health care encounters in 2018. Main Outcomes and Measures: Patient characteristics by prescription of any of the following key evidence-based therapies: high-intensity statin, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEI) or angiotensin-receptor blocker (ARB) and sodium glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT2I) or glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist (GLP-1RA). Results: The overall cohort included 324706 patients, with a mean (SD) age of 68.1 (12.2) years and 144169 (44.4%) women and 180537 (55.6%) men. A total of 59124 patients (18.2%) were Black, and 41470 patients (12.8%) were Latinx. Among 205885 patients with specialized visit data from the prior year, 17971 patients (8.7%) visited an endocrinologist, 54330 patients (26.4%) visited a cardiologist, and 154078 patients (74.8%) visited a primary care physician. Overall, 190277 patients (58.6%) were prescribed a statin, but only 88426 patients (26.8%) were prescribed a high-intensity statin; 147762 patients (45.5%) were prescribed an ACEI or ARB, 12724 patients (3.9%) were prescribed a GLP-1RA, and 8989 patients (2.8%) were prescribed an SGLT2I. Overall, 14918 patients (4.6%) were prescribed all 3 classes of therapies, and 138173 patients (42.6%) were prescribed none. Patients who were prescribed a high-intensity statin were more likely to be men (59.9% [95% CI, 59.6%-60.3%] of patients vs 55.6% [95% CI, 55.4%-55.8%] of patients), have coronary atherosclerotic disease (79.9% [95% CI, 79.7%-80.2%] of patients vs 73.0% [95% CI, 72.8%-73.3%] of patients) and more likely to have seen a cardiologist (40.0% [95% CI, 39.6%-40.4%] of patients vs 26.4% [95% CI, 26.2%-26.6%] of patients). Conclusions and Relevance: In this large cohort of US patients with diabetes and ASCVD, fewer than 1 in 20 patients were prescribed all 3 evidence-based therapies, defined as a high-intensity statin, either an ACEI or ARB, and either an SGLT2I and/or a GLP-1RA. These findings suggest that multifaceted interventions are needed to overcome barriers to the implementation of evidence-based therapies and facilitate their optimal use..
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U2 - 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.48030
DO - 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.48030
M3 - Article
C2 - 35175345
AN - SCOPUS:85124779787
SN - 2574-3805
VL - 5
JO - JAMA Network Open
JF - JAMA Network Open
IS - 2
M1 - e2148030
ER -