TY - JOUR
T1 - Tumor suppressor genes and breast cancer
AU - Buchholz, Thomas A.
AU - Weil, Michael M.
AU - Story, Michael D.
AU - Strom, Eric A.
AU - Brock, William A.
AU - McNeese, Marsha D.
PY - 1999/1/1
Y1 - 1999/1/1
N2 - The genetic determinants for most breast cancer cases remain elusive. However, a mutation in a tumor suppressor gene, such as p53, BRCA1, BRCA2, or ATM, has been determined to be one mechanism of breast carcinogenesis. It has been established that inherited mutations in p53, BRCA1, and BRCA2 significantly contribute to breast cancer risk, although the importance of an inherited ATM mutation is controversial. Sporadic mutations in p53 are also common in breast cancer cells. The precise deficiencies that result from these genetic mutations have yet to be fully described. Although the functions of these genes are different, they are all involved in the maintenance of genomic stability after DNA damage. Mutations that impair the function of these four genes may adversely affect the manner in which DNA damage is processed. It is likely that the risk of breast cancer development is increased through this mechanism. In this article, we review the relevancy of p53, BRCA1, BRCA2, and ATM mutations to breast cancer development, and review the in vitro, in vivo, and clinical data exploring the mechanisms by which these mutations affect genomic integrity and DNA damage repair.
AB - The genetic determinants for most breast cancer cases remain elusive. However, a mutation in a tumor suppressor gene, such as p53, BRCA1, BRCA2, or ATM, has been determined to be one mechanism of breast carcinogenesis. It has been established that inherited mutations in p53, BRCA1, and BRCA2 significantly contribute to breast cancer risk, although the importance of an inherited ATM mutation is controversial. Sporadic mutations in p53 are also common in breast cancer cells. The precise deficiencies that result from these genetic mutations have yet to be fully described. Although the functions of these genes are different, they are all involved in the maintenance of genomic stability after DNA damage. Mutations that impair the function of these four genes may adversely affect the manner in which DNA damage is processed. It is likely that the risk of breast cancer development is increased through this mechanism. In this article, we review the relevancy of p53, BRCA1, BRCA2, and ATM mutations to breast cancer development, and review the in vitro, in vivo, and clinical data exploring the mechanisms by which these mutations affect genomic integrity and DNA damage repair.
KW - ATM
KW - BRCA1
KW - BRCA2
KW - Breast cancer
KW - p53
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U2 - 10.1002/(sici)1520-6823(1999)7:2<55::aid-roi1>3.0.co;2-%23
DO - 10.1002/(sici)1520-6823(1999)7:2<55::aid-roi1>3.0.co;2-%23
M3 - Review article
C2 - 10333246
SN - 1065-7541
VL - 7
SP - 55
EP - 65
JO - Radiation Oncology Investigations
JF - Radiation Oncology Investigations
IS - 2
ER -