TY - JOUR
T1 - Tumor-selective, futile redox cycle-induced bystander effects elicited by NQO1 bioactivatable radiosensitizing drugs in triple-negative breast cancers
AU - Cao, Lifen
AU - Li, Long Shan
AU - Spruell, Christopher
AU - Xiao, Ling
AU - Chakrabarti, Gaurab
AU - Bey, Erik A.
AU - Reinicke, Kathryn E.
AU - Srougi, Melissa C.
AU - Moore, Zachary
AU - Dong, Ying
AU - Vo, Peggy
AU - Kabbani, Wareef
AU - Yang, Chin Rang
AU - Wang, Xiaoyu
AU - Fattah, Farjana
AU - Morales, Julio C.
AU - Motea, Edward A.
AU - Bornmann, William G.
AU - Yordy, John S.
AU - Boothman, David A.
PY - 2014/7/10
Y1 - 2014/7/10
N2 - Aims: β-Lapachone (β-lap), a novel radiosensitizer with potent antitumor efficacy alone, selectively kills solid cancers that over-express NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1). Since breast or other solid cancers have heterogeneous NQO1 expression, therapies that reduce the resistance (e.g., NQO1low) of tumor cells will have significant clinical advantages. We tested whether NQO1-proficient (NQO1+) cells generated sufficient hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) after β-lap treatment to elicit bystander effects, DNA damage, and cell death in neighboring NQO1 low cells. Results: β-Lap showed NQO1-dependent efficacy against two triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) xenografts. NQO1 expression variations in human breast cancer patient samples were noted, where ∼60% cancers over-expressed NQO1, with little or no expression in associated normal tissue. Differential DNA damage and lethality were noted in NQO1+ versus NQO1-deficient (NQO1-) TNBC cells and xenografts after β-lap treatment. β-Lap-treated NQO1+ cells died by programmed necrosis, whereas co-cultured NQO1- TNBC cells exhibited DNA damage and caspase-dependent apoptosis. NQO1 inhibition (dicoumarol) or H 2O2 scavenging (catalase [CAT]) blocked all responses. Only NQO1- cells neighboring NQO1+ TNBC cells responded to β-lap in vitro, and bystander effects correlated well with H 2O2 diffusion. Bystander effects in NQO1- cells in vivo within mixed 50:50 co-cultured xenografts were dramatic and depended on NQO1+ cells. However, normal human cells in vitro or in vivo did not show bystander effects, due to elevated endogenous CAT levels. Innovation and Conclusions: NQO1-dependent bystander effects elicited by NQO1 bioactivatable drugs (β-lap or deoxynyboquinone [DNQ]) likely contribute to their efficacies, killing NQO1+ solid cancer cells and eliminating surrounding heterogeneous NQO1low cancer cells. Normal cells/tissue are protected by low NQO1:CAT ratios. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 21, 237-250.
AB - Aims: β-Lapachone (β-lap), a novel radiosensitizer with potent antitumor efficacy alone, selectively kills solid cancers that over-express NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1). Since breast or other solid cancers have heterogeneous NQO1 expression, therapies that reduce the resistance (e.g., NQO1low) of tumor cells will have significant clinical advantages. We tested whether NQO1-proficient (NQO1+) cells generated sufficient hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) after β-lap treatment to elicit bystander effects, DNA damage, and cell death in neighboring NQO1 low cells. Results: β-Lap showed NQO1-dependent efficacy against two triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) xenografts. NQO1 expression variations in human breast cancer patient samples were noted, where ∼60% cancers over-expressed NQO1, with little or no expression in associated normal tissue. Differential DNA damage and lethality were noted in NQO1+ versus NQO1-deficient (NQO1-) TNBC cells and xenografts after β-lap treatment. β-Lap-treated NQO1+ cells died by programmed necrosis, whereas co-cultured NQO1- TNBC cells exhibited DNA damage and caspase-dependent apoptosis. NQO1 inhibition (dicoumarol) or H 2O2 scavenging (catalase [CAT]) blocked all responses. Only NQO1- cells neighboring NQO1+ TNBC cells responded to β-lap in vitro, and bystander effects correlated well with H 2O2 diffusion. Bystander effects in NQO1- cells in vivo within mixed 50:50 co-cultured xenografts were dramatic and depended on NQO1+ cells. However, normal human cells in vitro or in vivo did not show bystander effects, due to elevated endogenous CAT levels. Innovation and Conclusions: NQO1-dependent bystander effects elicited by NQO1 bioactivatable drugs (β-lap or deoxynyboquinone [DNQ]) likely contribute to their efficacies, killing NQO1+ solid cancer cells and eliminating surrounding heterogeneous NQO1low cancer cells. Normal cells/tissue are protected by low NQO1:CAT ratios. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 21, 237-250.
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U2 - 10.1089/ars.2013.5462
DO - 10.1089/ars.2013.5462
M3 - Review article
C2 - 24512128
AN - SCOPUS:84902526107
SN - 1523-0864
VL - 21
SP - 237
EP - 250
JO - Antioxidants and Redox Signaling
JF - Antioxidants and Redox Signaling
IS - 2
ER -